Economic recovery getting delayed

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The economic recovery in India is inherently linked with rates of vaccination now.

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 Economic recovery getting delayed


  1. The IMF has clearly indicated a growing divergence between the economic recovery in emerging world and rich nations; the advanced countries are expected to grow at 6% in 2021
  2. Two factors explain the divergence: (i) the different pace of vaccine roll-out in the two groups, and (ii) the much bigger fiscal stimulus packages in the rich world
  3. FIRST - The rich world spent large sums to procure huge quantities of vaccines in advance, including even the Trump administration (otherwise anti-science); Pre-orders enabled much faster vaccination (60% Americans got one dose, 50% both)
  4. UK has done very well, and EU nations are now picking up rapidly; overall, more than 40% of the rich world population is fully vaccinated now, while just 11% so in emerging economies
  5. SECOND - The massive stimulus packages proided in the rich world both to industry and individual citizens has offered tremendous relief to many; fiscal support has continued in 2021 too, thereby avoiding the kind of damage many other countries are witnessing
  6. Indian situation - the massive contraction in 2020-21 was a major shock, and the rate of growth in 2021-22 too is not as expected (10% or more); despite low growth and muted recovery, inflation is steadily above 6% (beyond RBI's comfort zone)
  7. Rising food prices are hitting the poor disproportionately, putting the RBI in a jam - if it goes after inflation, then its stated goal of helping economic recovery is adversely affected
  8. Consumer spending is quite low, as revealed by consumer movement data taken from Google Mobility Index; that has dampened business confidence, which is not willing to make new investments (hence commercial bank credit isn't growing)
  9. Rising GST revenues may prompt the government to push up its own expenditure now
  10. It's all dependent on how the pandemic now plays out in India; a third wave will arrive sooner or later, but its extent is tough to predict due to the constantly mutating virus
  11. Everyone agrees, though, that vaccines are very effective in preventing serious Covid-19
  12. Sadly, despite being called the 'vaccine capital of the world', India took it very lightly in 2020 and then suddenly woke up in 2021
  13. Today, the rate of vaccination is quite low, and it's not possible to vaccinate all adults by 31st December 2021
  14. Since the Delta variant is now known to create breakthrough infections (infection even after vaccination), India needs to rapidly ramp up vaccination rates
  15. Israel and Germany are planning to roll out booster doses, thereby potentially worsening the vaccine availability in India
  16. Resumption of growth is directly linked to it
  1. आईएमएफ ने स्पष्ट रूप से उभरती दुनिया और अमीर देशों में आर्थिक सुधार के बीच बढ़ते विचलन का संकेत दिया है; उन्नत देशों के 2021 में 6% की दर से बढ़ने की उम्मीद है
  2. दो कारक विचलन की व्याख्या करते हैं: (i) दो समूहों में वैक्सीन रोल-आउट की अलग-अलग गति, और (ii) समृद्ध दुनिया में बहुत बड़ा राजकोषीय प्रोत्साहन पैकेज
  3. सबसे पहले - अमीर दुनिया ने बड़ी मात्रा में टीकों की अग्रिम खरीद के लिए बड़ी रकम खर्च की, यहां तक ​​​​कि ट्रम्प प्रशासन (अन्यथा विज्ञान विरोधी) ने भी; पूर्व-आदेशों ने बहुत तेजी से टीकाकरण सक्षम किया (60% अमेरिकियों को एक खुराक मिली, 50% को दोनों)
  4. यू.के. ने बहुत अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया है, और यूरोपीय संघ के देश अब तेजी से आगे बढ़ रहे हैं; कुल मिलाकर, 40% से अधिक अमीर दुनिया की आबादी को अभी पूरी तरह से टीका लगाया गया है, जबकि उभरती अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में सिर्फ 11%
  5. दूसरा - समृद्ध दुनिया में उद्योग और व्यक्तिगत नागरिकों दोनों को दिए गए बड़े प्रोत्साहन पैकेजों ने कई लोगों को जबरदस्त राहत दी है; 2021 में भी राजकोषीय समर्थन जारी है, जिससे कई अन्य देशों को होने वाले नुकसान से बचा जा रहा है
  6. भारतीय स्थिति - 2020-21 में बड़े पैमाने पर संकुचन एक बड़ा झटका था, और 2021-22 में विकास की दर भी अपेक्षित (10% या अधिक) नहीं है; कम वृद्धि और सुस्त रिकवरी के बावजूद, मुद्रास्फीति लगातार 6% से ऊपर है (RBI के आराम क्षेत्र से परे)
  7. खाद्य पदार्थों की बढ़ती कीमतें गरीबों को बेतहाशा मार रही हैं, आरबीआई को जाम में डाल रही है - अगर यह मुद्रास्फीति के बाद जाती है, तो आर्थिक सुधार में मदद करने का उसका घोषित लक्ष्य प्रतिकूल रूप से प्रभावित होता है
  8. उपभोक्ता खर्च काफी कम रहा है, जैसा कि गूगल मोबिलिटी इंडेक्स से लिए गए कंज्यूमर मूवमेंट डेटा से पता चलता है; इसने व्यावसायिक विश्वास को कम कर दिया है, जो नए निवेश करने को तैयार नहीं है (इसलिए वाणिज्यिक बैंक ऋण नहीं बढ़ रहा है)
  9. जीएसटी राजस्व बढ़ने से सरकार को अब अपना खर्च बढ़ाने के लिए प्रेरित किया जा सकता है
  10. यह सब इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि भारत में महामारी अब कैसे खेलती है; तीसरी लहर जल्दी या बाद में आएगी, लेकिन लगातार परिवर्तनशील वायरस के कारण इसकी सीमा का अनुमान लगाना कठिन है
  11. हालांकि, हर कोई इस बात से सहमत है कि गंभीर कोविड -19 को रोकने में टीके बहुत प्रभावी हैं
  12. अफसोस की बात है कि 'दुनिया की वैक्सीन राजधानी' कहे जाने के बावजूद भारत ने 2020 में इसे बहुत हल्के में लिया और फिर 2021 में अचानक जागा
  13. आज, टीकाकरण की दर काफी कम है, और 31 दिसंबर 2021 तक सभी वयस्कों का टीकाकरण संभव नहीं है
  14. चूंकि डेल्टा संस्करण अब सफलता संक्रमण (टीकाकरण के बाद भी संक्रमण) पैदा करने के लिए जाना जाता है, भारत को टीकाकरण दरों में तेजी से वृद्धि करने की आवश्यकता है
  15. इज़राइल और जर्मनी बूस्टर खुराक शुरू करने की योजना बना रहे हैं, जिससे संभावित रूप से भारत में टीके की उपलब्धता खराब हो सकती है
  16. विकास की बहाली सीधे तौर पर इससे जुड़ी है 

#IndianEconomy #GDP #Coronavirus #Pandemic #GDP #Recovery #Stimulus

(content from The Hindu newspaper; Analysis by Team PT | Please buy your own subscription of The Hindu)


 

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PT's IAS Academy: Economic recovery getting delayed
Economic recovery getting delayed
The economic recovery in India is inherently linked with rates of vaccination now.
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PT's IAS Academy
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