CONCEPT – NATIONAL EMERGENCY IN USA

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 CONCEPT – NATIONAL EMERGENCY IN USA

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• Starting 1976 : In 1976, U.S. President Gerald Ford signed off on the National Emergencies Act (NEA), a federal legislation that ended all previous national states of emergency and formalized the process by which the President can declare states of emergencies and undertake special powers during those emergencies.
• How to declare : In general, the President may initiate a state of emergency by issuing a declaration (typically via executive order). An existing state of emergency can be terminated by the President himself, or by a joint resolution by Congress. The President can veto such a resolution, however, requiring both houses of Congress to then override the veto by a two-thirds vote.
• Latest emergency : When President Donald Trump hinted in early 2019 his intention to bypass Congress and secure funding for building a wall along the U.S. Mexico border by declaring a national emergency — and then followed through on that plan — the subject of “national emergencies” suddenly became a hot topic of public discussion. Since the public tends to associate that term with dire threats such as terrorist attacks, epidemics, or the outbreak of war, many people were surprised to learn that several dozen national emergencies had been declared since the passage of the NEA in 1976.
• How many so far : According to experts, at the time of President Trump’s declaration of a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States in February 2019, some 58 national emergencies had previously been declared by various presidents since 1979, with 31 of them still in effect as of February 2019. 
• Why declare emergency : The focus of these national emergencies has ranged from President Carter’s blocking Iranian government property after fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were taken hostage in Tehran in 1979 and President Reagan’s barring trade with Nicaragua in 1985, to President Clinton’s prohibiting transactions with terrorists who threatened to disrupt the Middle East peace process in 1995 and President Obama’s declaring an emergency over the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009.
• You are under an emergency : Americans may not know it but at the beginning of 2019, the United States has been under one or more states of national emergency continuously for the last four decades.
• What about India? There can be three types of emergencies inIndia – National Emergency under Article 352, State Emergency (President’s Rule) under Article 356, and a Financial Emergency under Article 360. It is a Parliamentary process, and has to end in a stipulated time.

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