World Soil Day: December 5

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Soil is the key to biodiversity on earth, and UN celebrates "World Soil Day" on 5th Dec each year

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World Soil Day: December 5

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  • The story: Every year, the World Soil Day is celebrated on December 5, by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) operating under the United Nations (UN), and others. Year 2021 was with the theme - "Halt soil salinization, enhance soil production". It shows that food security depends on the health of the soil.
  • What is soil: Soil is home to one-fourth of the biodiversity of the earth, and is important to control soil pollution. Bad soil management affects the micro-organisms (biota) that lives below the ground. These microorganisms are working continuously to preserve the ecosystem, and help in fixing nitrogen that is essential for plant growth. They also add nutrients to the soil by the process of decomposition.
  • Background: The International Union of Soil Sciences recommended to celebrate World Soil Day on December 5. Under the leadership of Thailand, the FAO supported the formal establishment of World Soil Day. The decision to celebrate the day was made under the Global Soil Partnership. The first World Soil Day was celebrated in 2014. This day (Dec 5) corresponds to the birthday of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand (proponent of the initiative).
  • Indian situation: India focuses on regional soil conservation programmes. The Rashtriya Krishi Vigyan Yojana that focuses on development of rainfed farming systems, and focuses on soil quality all over India. Also, the Soil Health Card Scheme was launched. The major soil conservation programmes are reduced tillage, crop rotation, cross-slope farming, cover cropping and mulching. The Government of India implements mixed cropping, mixed farming, controlled grazing, construction of check dams, etc. Also, the GoI has imposed ban on shifting cultivation.
  • EXAM QUESTIONS: (1) Explain the process by which soil is created in nature. What are the ways it gets destroyed? (2) What is soil biome? What is its importance? 
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                    PT's IAS Academy: World Soil Day: December 5
                    World Soil Day: December 5
                    Soil is the key to biodiversity on earth, and UN celebrates "World Soil Day" on 5th Dec each year
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                    PT's IAS Academy
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