Global climate action policy needs reframing

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The whole climate change debate urgently needs a reframing, and the sole focus on cutting emissions must be reframed to "managing cumulative emissions

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Global climate action policy needs reframing

  1. There is a clear policy message in the IPCC AR6 report issued in August 2021 - the net zero targets alone will not save the world, because the cumulative emissions made in reaching net zero will decide the global warming temperature reached
  2. So, a global policy that only focuses on current emissions is of little use
  3. Since 1990s, climate change debate has tried to create a framework but tensions between countries became severe
  4. Global carbon space is a limited natural resource, and there's an imbalance between countries sharing it
  5. Rich world grew faster, consuming more carbon, and putting pressure on developing world to cut their use of remaining carbon space now
  6. July 2021's G20 Climate and Energy Ministerial saw India asking rich nations to cut their per capita emissions to global average by 2030
  7. The G7 is proposing net zero by 2050 but not focusing on per-person emissions, hence that cannot be a global policy framework; the rich who have already used more carbon space cannot be allowed continuing to do so even as India begins to catch up
  8. Per capita emissions, when compared, show a striking imbalance - global average per capita GHG emissions are 6.55 T of CO2; India's is 1.96 T; US, Canada and Australia are 2.5 times the average; China's is at 6.4 T
  9. So if India says yes to net-zero by 2050, then it gives up its urbanisation targets practically! (as also shift of rural population into middle class)
  10. N America and Europe have 1/4th global population, while contributing to 60% of global cumulative emissions; in total, they've emitted  970 billion tonnes CO2 so far
  11. World's remaining carbon budget now is just 400 gigatonnes of CO2, if warming is to be contained to 1.5° C (US has emitted so much already!)
  12. Now the focus has to be on "essential emissions" to justify flexibility in reframing of targets (e.g. infrastructure or construction activities, and steel / cememt production)
  13. China's infra push began in 2000, by when the US and Europe had built their expressways and urban areas in 1950-2000 period (four times per capita material use than in China)
  14. US realised this, in the 1972 Stockholm Conference, but kept talking of current emissions only, and not cumulative emissions stabilisation (Why? To deflect attention away from itself)
  15. India's "climate justice" idea has three implications - (i) focus not just on anthropogenic but natural factors, (ii) adaptations needed are not local but global in nature (because rise in sea level etc. won't reverse immediately), and (iii) common goal has to be human well-being rather than monitoring emissions alone
  16. These goals will restructure the whole climate debate and help nations think about what society truly values in terms of production and consumption
  17. The 2015 'Paris Agreement' was the first time (since 1990s) that the idea of a common cause was spoken (instead of only commitments)
  18. It is time to recognise natural limits now, and focus on sharing prosperity
  19. Private sector can help in solar energy, researching new crop varieties, and learnings in infrastructure viability
  20. Climate change is not just a transactional trade-off anymore, but a whole relook at the way man lives and interacts
  1. अगस्त 2021 में जारी IPCC AR6 रिपोर्ट में एक स्पष्ट नीति संदेश है - अकेले शुद्ध शून्य लक्ष्य दुनिया को नहीं बचाएंगे, क्योंकि शुद्ध शून्य तक पहुंचने में किया गया संचयी उत्सर्जन ग्लोबल वार्मिंग तापमान तक पहुंच तय करेगा
  2. इसलिए, एक वैश्विक नीति जो केवल वर्तमान उत्सर्जन पर ध्यान केंद्रित करती है, बहुत कम उपयोग की है
  3. 1990 के दशक से, जलवायु परिवर्तन की बहस ने एक रूपरेखा बनाने की कोशिश की है लेकिन देशों के बीच तनाव गंभीर हो गया है
  4. वैश्विक कार्बन स्थान एक सीमित प्राकृतिक संसाधन है, और इसे साझा करने वाले देशों के बीच असंतुलन है
  5. अमीर दुनिया तेजी से बढ़ी, अधिक कार्बन की खपत हुई, और विकासशील दुनिया पर अब शेष कार्बन स्थान के उपयोग में कटौती करने का दबाव डाला
  6. जुलाई 2021 के G20 जलवायु और ऊर्जा मंत्रिस्तरीय ने देखा कि भारत ने अमीर देशों से 2030 तक अपने प्रति व्यक्ति उत्सर्जन को वैश्विक औसत तक कम करने के लिए कहा।
  7. G7 2050 तक शुद्ध शून्य का प्रस्ताव कर रहा है लेकिन प्रति व्यक्ति उत्सर्जन पर ध्यान केंद्रित नहीं कर रहा है, इसलिए यह वैश्विक नीति ढांचा नहीं हो सकता है; अमीर जो पहले से ही अधिक कार्बन स्पेस का उपयोग कर चुके हैं, उन्हें ऐसा करने की अनुमति नहीं दी जा सकती है, भले ही भारत ने पकड़ना शुरू कर दिया हो
  8. प्रति व्यक्ति उत्सर्जन, जब तुलना की जाती है, एक हड़ताली असंतुलन दिखाता है - वैश्विक औसत प्रति व्यक्ति जीएचजी उत्सर्जन 6.55 टन CO2 है; भारत का 1.96 टन है; अमेरिका, कनाडा और ऑस्ट्रेलिया औसत से 2.5 गुना अधिक हैं; चीन 6.4 T . पर है
  9. इसलिए अगर भारत 2050 तक नेट-जीरो के लिए हां कहता है, तो वह व्यावहारिक रूप से अपने शहरीकरण के लक्ष्य को छोड़ देता है! (साथ ही ग्रामीण आबादी का मध्यम वर्ग में स्थानांतरण)
  10. उत्तर अमेरिका और यूरोप में वैश्विक जनसंख्या का एक चौथाई हिस्सा है, जबकि वैश्विक संचयी उत्सर्जन में 60% का योगदान है; कुल मिलाकर, उन्होंने अब तक 970 बिलियन टन CO2 उत्सर्जित किया है
  11. दुनिया का बचा हुआ कार्बन बजट अब केवल 400 गीगाटन कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड है, अगर वार्मिंग को 1.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक सीमित रखना है (अमेरिका पहले से ही इतना उत्सर्जित कर चुका है!)
  12. अब फोकस "आवश्यक उत्सर्जन" पर होना चाहिए ताकि लक्ष्यों के पुनर्निर्धारण में लचीलेपन को सही ठहराया जा सके (जैसे बुनियादी ढांचा या निर्माण गतिविधियाँ, और स्टील / सीमेंट उत्पादन)
  13. चीन का इन्फ्रा पुश 2000 में शुरू हुआ, जब अमेरिका और यूरोप ने 1950-2000 की अवधि में अपने एक्सप्रेसवे और शहरी क्षेत्रों का निर्माण किया था (चीन की तुलना में प्रति व्यक्ति सामग्री उपयोग का चार गुना)
  14. अमेरिका ने 1972 के स्टॉकहोम सम्मेलन में इसे महसूस किया, लेकिन केवल वर्तमान उत्सर्जन की बात करता रहा, न कि संचयी उत्सर्जन स्थिरीकरण (क्यों? ध्यान को खुद से हटाने के लिए)
  15. भारत के "जलवायु न्याय" विचार के तीन निहितार्थ हैं - (i) न केवल मानवजनित बल्कि प्राकृतिक कारकों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना, (ii) आवश्यक अनुकूलन स्थानीय नहीं बल्कि प्रकृति में वैश्विक हैं (क्योंकि समुद्र के स्तर में वृद्धि आदि तुरंत उलट नहीं होगी), और (iii) सामान्य लक्ष्य केवल उत्सर्जन की निगरानी के बजाय मानव कल्याण होना चाहिए
  16. ये लक्ष्य संपूर्ण जलवायु बहस का पुनर्गठन करेंगे और राष्ट्रों को यह सोचने में मदद करेंगे कि समाज वास्तव में उत्पादन और खपत के संदर्भ में क्या महत्व रखता है
  17. 2015 'पेरिस समझौता' पहली बार (1990 के दशक के बाद से) था कि एक सामान्य कारण का विचार बोला गया था (केवल प्रतिबद्धताओं के बजाय)
  18. यह अब प्राकृतिक सीमाओं को पहचानने और समृद्धि को साझा करने पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने का समय है
  19. निजी क्षेत्र सौर ऊर्जा में मदद कर सकता है, नई फसल किस्मों पर शोध कर सकता है, और बुनियादी ढांचे की व्यवहार्यता में सीख सकता है
  20. जलवायु परिवर्तन अब केवल एक लेन-देन का सौदा नहीं है, बल्कि मनुष्य के जीने और बातचीत करने के तरीके पर एक संपूर्ण पुनर्विचार है

#GlobalWarming #ParisClimateAgreement #NetZero #CumulativeEmissions 



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PT's IAS Academy: Global climate action policy needs reframing
Global climate action policy needs reframing
The whole climate change debate urgently needs a reframing, and the sole focus on cutting emissions must be reframed to "managing cumulative emissions
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PT's IAS Academy
https://civils.pteducation.com/2021/08/hindu-editorial-analysis-24-august-2021-fifth.html
https://civils.pteducation.com/
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