CONCEPT – KASHMIR IN THE 1950s / JPP / DELHI AGREEMENT 1952

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 CONCEPT – KASHMIR IN THE 1950s / JPP / DELHI AGREEMENT 1952

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• What was it? The JPP (Jammu Praja Parishad) was a political party active in the Jammu Division, founded in November 1947 by the RSS activist Balraj Madhok.
• Main activity : To campaign for close integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India and oppose the special status under Article 370 of the Indian constitution. 
• Political roots : Merged with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJP's ancestor) and rose in stature. Was part of the BJP-PDP coalition.
• Dogras in Jammu : The Dogra Hindus of Jammu were organised under the banner of All Jammu and Kashmir Rajya Hindu Sabha. In May 1947, the Hindu Sabha supported whatever the Maharaja would decide. Later, its position changed to supporting the accession of the state to India.
• Antagonistic : The Praja Parishad's call for full integration clashed with the demands of National Conference for complete autonomy of the state. 
• 1952 Delhi Agreement : The National Conference was party to the 1952 Delhi Agreement formulated to settle the extent of applicability of the Indian Constitution to the state. Following this, the Constituent Assembly abolished the monarchy in Kashmir, and adopted an elected Head of State (Sadr-i Riyasat). 
• Agitation : The Praja Parishad accused Abdullah of communalism, favouring the Muslim interests. Soon, the Jana Sangh joined ands with the Hindu Mahasabha to launch an agitation in Delhi. 
• S P Mookerjee : In May 1953, SP Mookerjee tried to enter Jammu and Kashmir but he was arrested and died in detention on 23 June 1953, leading to an uproar and an unmanageable crisis.
• Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad : He succeeded Abdullah as the PM, and implemented all the measures of the Delhi Agreement.
• Later years : The Praja Parishad remained a party of landlords and did not become a mass movement but the National Conference implemented land reforms benefiting the rural population and was favoured by the electorate. The Parishad also neglected the influential minority of Kashmiri Pandits and Ladakhi Buddhists. In 1963, the Praja Parishad merged into the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. In January 1965, the National Conference also merged into the Indian National Congress. 
• Return of Sheikh Abdullah : In 1975, Sheikh Abdullah was released from prison and returned to power after striking a deal with the central government. He revived the National Conference. The Chief Ministers of J & K, 1965 till date
• Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq (1965 – 1971) Indian National Congress
• Syed Mir Qasim (1971 – 1975) Indian National Congress
• Sheikh Abdullah (1975 – 1977) National Conference
• March to July 1977 - Governor's Rule
• Sheikh Abdullah (1977 – 1982), National Conference
• Farooq Abdullah (1982 – 1984), National Conference
• Ghulam Mohammad Shah (1984 – 1986), Awami National Conference
• March to November 1986 - Governor's Rule
• Farooq Abdullah (1986 – 1990) National Conference
• January 1990 to October 1996 - Governor's Rule
• Farooq Abdullah (1996 – 2002) National Conference
• October to November 2002 - Governor's Rule
• Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (2002 – 2005) People's Democratic Party
• Ghulam Nabi Azad (2005 – 2008) Indian National Congress
• July 2008 to January 2009 - Governor's Rule
• Omar Abdullah (2009 – 2015) National Conference
• January 2015 to March 2015 - Governor's Rule
• Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (March 2015 – January 2016) PDP
• January 2016 to April 2016 - Governor's Rule
• Mehbooba Mufti (2016 – June 2018) People's Democratic Party
• June 20, 2018 onwards - Governor's Rule

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