The Paris Agreement has become a joke (Emissions are rising)

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 The Paris Agreement has become a joke (Emissions are rising)

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    • 25th COP of UNFCCC: As the Madrid COP25 kicked in on December 02, the concern is about stopping global temeperature rise from touching dangerous levels. COP25 is the last COP before Paris Climate Deal kicks in, in 2020.
    • Aim of COP25: To prepare all rules needed for the Paris deal to work well, and establish carbon markets.
      1. It took many years for the 194 nations to agree on a few things, and Paris deal happened in 2015.
      2. The political acceptance of scientific consensus on global warming was a big deal. (“We need to restrict global warming to 2 degree C above the mean temp during pre-industrialisation period”)
      3. Beyond 2 degrees would be unmanageable, and 1.5 to 2 degrees would be bad.
    • Two degrees: All countries were told to give their own specific NDCs - pledges about nationally determined contributions.
      1. India promised to cut emissions by 33% from 2005 levels
      2. Plant trees to suck out 2 billion tonnes CO2
      3. 40% electricity through non-fossil sources
      4. EU promised 40% cuts from 1990 levels.
    • Developed nations' behaviour: While it was agreed that rich nations - responsible for the mess - will provide loans and grants to battle climate change, no quantums were fixed.
      1. A "rachet mechanism" to be used alongwith the five-yearly "global stocktake" of emissions (to do more, and more).
      2. Carbon markets to be created, for market trade-able carbon credits monetisation.
    • 2.7 degrees arriving: Even if everyone did what they said, temperature will rise by 2.7 degree C. The 2016 UNEP Emissions Gap report warned on this. It worsened with US President Trump's decision to pull out of Paris deal.
    • The villains: US is pushing coal. Brazil's Bolsonaro rejects 'climate change'! Coal-rich Australia remained ambivalent. China built 43 GW of coal-fired power plants from 2018 to June 2019, when rest of the world brought coal power down by 8.1 GW. Experts are clear – coal use is higher than Paris Agreement targets.
    • 2019 UNEP report: Emissions rose by 2% in 2018, and did not stabilise or reduce.
    • Problem with Paris deal: It is a wrong one, as it's a mere vision statement.
      1. It has no legal provisions to ENFORCE anything, or PENALISE violations. In a right-leaning world, this won't work.
      2. It lacks specificity on flow of finance or tech, from the rich to developing world.
      3. Too much wriggle room is given.
      4. Net results – Global GHG emissions are rising. So what was Paris deal about?
    • COP25: The big emitters are not committing to "enhancing ambitions" (i.e. cutting more emissions). Smaller nations are stepping forward (of little use). India's targets are said to be pretty low, and it is able to meet those. India will face the wrath of melting glaciers and erratic monsoons. Indian planners must build infra that can handle what's about to come - floods, heat-waves, water shortages.
    • Summary : Due to its poor structure and rich world's apathy, the Paris Climate deal has turned into an ineffective mechanism, as GHG emissions are rising.
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                                                                                                                                                                          PT's IAS Academy: The Paris Agreement has become a joke (Emissions are rising)
                                                                                                                                                                          The Paris Agreement has become a joke (Emissions are rising)
                                                                                                                                                                          Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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