CONCEPT – CHINA AND THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

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 CONCEPT – CHINA AND THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

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• Founding member : China (ROC) was one of the charter members of the United Nations and is today one of five permanent members of its Security Council.
• Aftermath of second world war : Republic of China (ROC) was a victorious Ally of the Second World War (locally known in China as the Second Sino-Japanese War). Hence, the Republic of China (ROC) joined the UN upon its founding in 1945.
• PRC rises : Things changed soon, as the end of Civil War saw the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. It was a communist nation led by Mao Tse-tung.
• ROC leaves for Taiwan : Nearly all of Chinese mainland was soon under the control of Mao's communists, and the ROC retreated to the island refuge of Taiwan.
• No dual representation : The One-China policy advocated by both governments dismantled the solution of dual representation. Then came the Cold War and Korean War, when the United States and its allies opposed the replacement of the ROC at the United Nations until 1971. The United Kingdom, France, and other American allies individually shifted their recognitions of China to the PRC.
• US-PRC deal : In the middle of the Sino-Soviet split and Vietnam War, American President Nixon entered into negotiations with Communist Chairman Mao, initially through a secret 1971 trip undertaken by Henry Kissinger to visit Premier Zhou Enlai. On 25 October 1971, Albania's motion to recognize the People's Republic of China as the sole legal China was passed as General Assembly Resolution 2758. It was supported by most of the communist states (including the Soviet Union) and non-aligned countries (such as India), but also by some American allies such as the United Kingdom and France.
• Enter the PRC : After the PRC was seated on 15 November 1971, Nixon personally visited China the next year, beginning the normalization of Sino-American relations. Since that time, the Republic of China (ROC) has softened its own One-China Policy and sought international recognition. These moves have been opposed and mostly blocked by the People's Republic of China, forcing the Republic of China to join international organizations under other names. These include "Chinese Taipei" at the International Olympic Committee. The Republic of China's most recent request for admission was turned down in 2007.

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