A bridge to nowhere (Aadhar hurting payments to poor)

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 A bridge to nowhere (Aadhar hurting payments to poor)

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    • Airtel Payment Bank taught a lesson : In 2017, it so emerged that this company mass diverted LPG subsidies of several lakh citizens to Airtel wallets. Many did not want those wallets at all, or didn't know about it! Since many Airtel customers were affected, and they were aware, they raised objection. Airtel accepted mistake, and UIDAI fined it. India moved on!
    • Diverted payments are not uncommon now : This is a case of "diverted payments", and many more examples are now emerging (a dangerous trend). And more tragically, it is happening with the poor, old-age citizens, and MGNREGA workers.
    • Who is the main culprit : The APBS - Aadhar Payment Bridge System - is built by the NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India). The logic is that "Aadhar no. will be your financial address". So you don't need to provide many details (name, bank ac no., IFSC code etc.) to get a bank transfer, but only the Aadhar number. 
    • Fundamental rule : Reliable seeding with consent and vertification alone will work.
    • Steps involved : How to get a bank account inside the APBS system - it has two steps, both with consent only!
      1.  Step 1 - Account must be "seeded" with the customer's Aadhar number, and 
      2.  Step 2 - It has to connect with the NPCI Mapper (mapping). If multiple accounts exist for same person, money is sent to latest mapped account.
    • The dangers of this : When in 2014 the Jan Dhan Yojana was launched, millions of bank accounts were opened and linked with Aadhar, under constant pressure from government (to meet targets). Many of these JDY accounts created confusion later. Aadhar seeding happened often “without verification”.
    • The wide sweep of services : Then began the frantic linking of "everything possible" with Aadhar, so that DBT payments could happen (a good goal). These were - pensions, scholarships, subsidies, MGNREGA wages and so on. Govt. depts sent bulk lists to banks! Verification was secondary, seeding primary.
    • Cleaning up the seeding mess : To clean it, a new thing came up - compulsory e-KYC. So now account holders have to undergo biometric authentication to verify Aadhar linked accounts. Banks started threatening with ultimatums - deadlines, blocking - the usual stunt!
    • Poor people punished : Many didn't know they needed to do e-KYC, some had biometric authentication problem, some faced Aadhar - Bank databases inconsistencies. Old-age pensioners are worst hit.
    • Consent not sought : To some extent, mandatory consent helps educated middle-class know which account the moneys will go to. But for the poor, in Jharkhand, without any consent accounts have been mass-mapped into the APBS! Many bank managers don't differentiate between "seeding and mapping"  (refer Point 5 (a) and (b) above).
    • A serious problem : The example of an elderly widow Premani Kunwar, who died of hunger in Jharkhand (01-12-2017) as her pension went into someone else's account! 
    • MGNREGA also : These workers are already discouraged by wage payment delays, and many now face diverted payments due to APBS. A study by ISB Hyd showed 38% of all APBS payment in Jharkhand are going to unrelated accounts. Can anything be more dangerous?
    • Summary :  
      1. Diverted payments are just one of the APBS problems. Other is rejected payment (great problem for poor).
      2. There is no accountability at any level in the system. The APBS is totally opaque and affected citizens have no one to talk to. There are no guidelines for "resolving problem payments", so well-meaning Bankers can't help either.
      3. The NPCI and RBI are not willing to listen to those trying to help citizens. 
    • The hastily-launched APBS has turned into a full-fledged problem now, with many citizen payments diverted to unrelated accounts, and no accountability at all.
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                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy: A bridge to nowhere (Aadhar hurting payments to poor)
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                                                                                                                                                            Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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