CONCEPT – INDIA IRAN RELATIONS

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CONCEPT – INDIA IRAN RELATIONS

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    • Starting 1950: Independent India and Iran established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1950. During much of the Cold War period, relations between the Republic of India and the erstwhile Imperial State of Iran suffered due to different political interests—non-aligned India fostered strong military links with the Soviet Union while Iran (under the Emperor) enjoyed close ties with the United States.
    • Iranian Revolution: After the 1979 revolution, relations strengthened momentarily, but Iran's continued support for Pakistan did not help. In the 1990s, India and Iran supported the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan against the Taliban regime.
    • Economic ties: Iran is the third largest supplier of crude oil to India, in 2018. India is one of the largest foreign investors in Iran's oil and gas industry. In 2011, the US$12 billion annual oil trade between India and Iran was halted due to extensive economic sanctions against Iran, forcing the Indian oil ministry to pay off the debt through a banking system through Turkey.
    • Geopolitics: India and Iran differ significantly on key foreign policy issues. India has expressed strong opposition against Iran's nuclear programme and although both oppose the Taliban, India supported the presence of NATO forces in Afghanistan unlike Iran.
    • Jammu and Kashmir: In 2010, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei appealed to Muslims worldwide to back the freedom struggle in Jammu and Kashmir. India in turn, summoned the acting Iranian ambassador in New Delhi to lodge a formal protest.
    • Modi to Iran: On 22 May 2016, PM Modi paid an official visit to Iran, focussing on bilateral connectivity and infrastructure, an energy partnership, and trade. Just before his visit to Israel in July 2017, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, urged Muslims in Kashmir to 'repudiate oppressors'.
    • Infrastructure:
      1. A highway between Zaranj and Delaram (Zaranj-Delaram Highway) is being built with financial support from India.
      2. The Chabahar port has also been jointly financed by Iran and India. India alone plans to invest 20 Billion US dollars towards its development.
      3. India is helping develop the Chabahar Port, which will give it access to the oil and gas resources in Iran and the Central Asian states. By so doing, India hopes to compete with the Chinese, who are building Gwadar Port, in Pakistan's Balochistan.
      4. Iran plans to use Chabahar for trans-shipment to Afghanistan and Central Asia, while keeping the port of Bandar Abbas as a major hub mainly for trade with Russia and Europe.
      5. India, Iran and Afghanistan have signed an agreement to give Indian goods, heading for Central Asia and Afghanistan, preferential treatment and tariff reductions at Chabahar.
      6. Work on the Chabahar-Milak-Zaranj-Delaram route from Iran to Afghanistan is in progress. Iran is, with Indian aid, upgrading the Chabahar-Milak road and constructing a bridge on the route to Zaranj. India's BRO is laying the 213 km Zaranj-Delaram road. It is a part of India's USD 750 million aid package to Afghanistan.
      7. The Chabahar port project is Iran's chance to end its US-sponsored economic isolation and benefit from the resurgent Indian economy. Along with Bandar Abbas, Chabahar is the Iranian entrepot on the North-South corridor. A strategic partnership between India, Iran and Russia is intended to establish a multi-modal transport link connecting Mumbai with St Petersburg, providing Europe and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia access to Asia and vice versa.
    1. NSTC: The North–South Transport Corridor is the ship, rail, and road route for moving freight between India, Russia, Iran, Europe and Central Asia. The route primarily involves moving freight from India, Iran, Azerbaijan and Russia via ship, rail and road. The objective is to increase trade connectivity between major cities such as Mumbai, Moscow, Tehran, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Astrakhan, Bandar Anzali and etc.
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      PT's IAS Academy: CONCEPT – INDIA IRAN RELATIONS
      CONCEPT – INDIA IRAN RELATIONS
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