A detailed insight into how climate change is impacting seabirds
SHARE:
Climate change is killing seabirds - an update
- The story: The warming of the planet is taking a deadly toll on seabirds that are suffering population declines from starvation, inability to reproduce, heat waves and extreme weather. A visible example of global warming’s seabird toll was the die-off of tens of thousands of common murres along the West Coast in the mid-2010s.
- Many losses: Climate-related losses have hit albatrosses off the Hawaiian islands, northern gannets near the British Isles and puffins off the Maine coast. Some birds are less able to build nests and raise young as sea levels rise, while others are unable to find fish to eat as the ocean heats up. The common murres and Cassin’s auklets that live off the West Coast have also died in large numbers from conditions scientists directly tied to global warming.
- With less food, rising seas that encroach on islands where birds roost and increasingly frequent hurricanes that wipe away nests, many seabirds have been producing fewer chicks.
- Tern species that live off New England have died during increasing rain and hailstorms scientists link to climate change. Some species, including endangered roseate terns, also can’t fledge chicks because more frequent severe weather kills their young.
- The warming world is increasingly inhospitable to many seabirds. In the last couple years, they’ve experienced widespread nesting failure.
- Exact data: It’s difficult to precisely determine the population loss to wide-ranging seabirds and how much is attributable to climate change. But one estimate stated that seabird populations have fallen 70 per cent since the mid-20th century. Reproductive success also decreased over the last half century for fish-eating seabirds, especially those that live north of the equator.
- Researchers who studied dozens of worldwide seabird species found some were having success breeding at only 10 per cent of historical levels. They found that in the southern hemisphere, difficulty finding fish has prevented species such as the Magellanic penguin from successfully feeding chicks.
- Worldwide, seabirds are in jeopardy largely because of warming ocean temperatures. Over the past five decades, more than 90 per cent of the extra heat on the planet from global warming has been absorbed by the ocean, according to US government scientists.
- Warming seas, coupled with die-off events that kill thousands of birds by starvation, are making it harder for some species to maintain stable populations.
- The seabirds, such as penguins that have declined by nearly three-quarters in South Africa since 1991, are a harbinger of what will happen to wildlife with global warming. These ecosystem sentinels are important because they’re not only enjoyable for us to be able to see them, but they’re important as a signal that we’ve gone too far.
- Plankton story: A serious threat to seabirds is a reduction of plankton and small fish in cold northern waters. Forage fish and plankton loss has led to mass die-offs of birds such as the Cassin’s auklets that washed up by the tens of thousands on the Pacific Coast in recent years. One of the most visible examples of global warming’s seabird toll was the die-off of tens of thousands of common murres along the West Coast in the mid-2010s. Nearly 8,000 dead birds washed up on a single beach near Chugach National Forest in Alaska. Scientists determined that warming waters deprived the birds of the abundant sardines and anchovies they gorge on, and the birds starved. The deaths came amid a marine heat wave known as “the blob.”
- Far away: Thousands of miles away in the North Sea, a similar problem has forced northern gannets to search farther away for food, leaving chicks unattended and vulnerable to predators. Rising sea levels are another concern. Albatross colonies in the central Pacific and Hawaiian islands depend on low-lying areas that face inundation and bigger storms. Maine’s iconic seabird, the Atlantic puffin, suffered one of their worst years for reproduction in decades this summer due to a decline in the availability of the small fish they eat.
- The Gulf of Maine, where puffins nest on tiny islands, is warming faster than most of the world’s oceans, and that has cut into forage fish populations, scientists say. Poor reproduction, which has persisted for several years among the puffins, is a “severe warning” about the future of the seabirds.
- Seabirds are one of the most visible indicators of the health of the oceans. These escalations of seabird die offs are big red flags that the rising temperature of the ocean is wreaking havoc.
- Summary: Climate change is here and now. The various measures being contemplated as part of mitigation are needed in top pace.
- EXAM QUESTIONS: (1) Explain the various links that lead researchers to conclude that climate change is impacting sea birds in a big way. (2) What are the overall set of impacts that climate change brings on ecological components of this planet? List and explain.
* Content sourced from free internet sources (publications, PIB site, international sites, etc.). Take your own subscriptions. Copyrights acknowledged.
COMMENTS