CONCEPT – POLITICAL HISTORY OF J & K POST 1950

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CONCEPT – POLITICAL HISTORY OF J & K POST 1950

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• In 1947, Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state under suzerainty of the British Monarch, and Maharaja Hari Singh tried to avoid declaring its accession to either India or Pakistan, although the law needed it to be done (Indian Independence Act, 1947).
• Hari Singh signed a standstill agreement with Pakistan. But in October 1947, Pakistani tribes (supported by the government) attacked Jammu and Kashmir to force its accession to Pakistan.
• The Maharaja requested help from India, and the Instrument of Accession to India was finally signed. That IoA gave limited powers to the GoI, in Foreign affairs, Defence and Communications.
• Whereas the other states later signed merger agreements, the relationship of Jammu and Kashmir with the Union of India was governed by the Article 370 incorporated in the Indian Constitution.

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• The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir is the legal document and framework of government at state level, adopted on 17 November 1956. It came into effect on 26 January 1957, when Maharaja (later Sadr-e-Riyasat) Dr. Karan Singh signed it into law. The Constitution of India grants special status to Jammu and Kashmir among Indian states, as per Article 370. The article states that the Parliament of India and the Union Government jurisdiction extends over limited matters with respect to State of Jammu and Kashmir, and in all other matters not specifically vested in Federal governments, actions have to be supported by state legislature. Residual powers are vested in state government (unlike other Indian states).

1. Structure of the J & K government: The Government of Jammu and Kashmir (for its 3 Divisions and 22 districts) consists of an executive, led by the Governor, a judiciary and a legislative branch. Head of State is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government.
2. Ceremonial or not: Technically, the Governor’s post is ceremonial, but given the peculiar nature of government in J&K, it is often the Governor who runs the show. The Chief Minister is the head of government. Srinagar and Jammu are the summer and winter capitals.
3. Legislative Assembly: It is bicameral, with a lower house (Vidhan Sabha) of 89 MLAs and an upper house (Vidhan Parishad) of 36 members. The term is 6 years, unless dissolved earlier. Till 30 March 1965, when an amendment to the state's constitution came into effect, the office was known Dewan (PM) of Jammu and Kashmir, but then the ruling PM, Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, was sworn in as the first CM.

1. The Prime Ministers of J & K, 1947 to 1965

 

• The Chief Ministers of J & K, 1965 till date

1. Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq (1965 – 1971) Indian National Congress
2. Syed Mir Qasim (1971 – 1975) Indian National Congress
3. Sheikh Abdullah (1975 – 1977) National Conference March to July 1977 - Governor's Rule
4. Sheikh Abdullah (1977 – 1982), National Conference   
5. Farooq Abdullah (1982 – 1984), National Conference   
6. Ghulam Mohammad Shah (1984 – 1986), Awami National Conference March to November 1986 - Governor's Rule
7. Farooq Abdullah (1986 – 1990) National Conference January 1990 to October 1996 - Governor's Rule
8. Farooq Abdullah (1996 – 2002) National Conference October to November 2002 - Governor's Rule
9. Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (2002 – 2005) People's Democratic Party   
10. Ghulam Nabi Azad (2005 – 2008) Indian National Congress July 2008 to January 2009 - Governor's Rule
11. Omar Abdullah (2009 – 2015) National Conference January 2015 to March 2015 - Governor's Rule
12. Mehbooba Mufti (2016 – June 2018) People's Democratic Party    June 20, 2018 onwards - Governor's Rule
13. Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (March 2015 – January 2016) PDP January 2016 to April 2016 - Governor's Rule

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