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CONCEPT – CHESS GRANDMASTERS
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- Grandmasters: The requirements for earning the Grandmaster title from FIDE are - (a) A player must have attained an Elo rating of at least 2500 (need not maintain this level to obtain or keep the title) (b) At least two favorable results (called norms) from a total of at least 27 games in tournaments involving at least three other Grandmasters, including some from countries other than the applicant's, and / or (c) Winning the Women's World Championship, or the World Junior Championship, or the World Senior Championship. All current regulations are in the FIDE Handbook.
- Title characteristics: The title Grandmaster (GM) is awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs). Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. Once achieved, the title is held for life. Also referred to as International GM or IGM. The title of GM, and the lesser titles of International Master (IM) and FIDE Master (FM), is open to both men and women. The vast majority of grandmasters are men. First was Nona Gaprindashvili in 1978.
- Elo Rating: It’s a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in zero-sum games such as chess. Named after its creator Arpad Elo (a Hungarian-American physics professor). It was an improved chess rating system over the previously used Harkness system, but is now also used for multiplayer video games, American football, basketball, Scrabble, etc.
- FIDE: It was founded in Paris, France, in 1924, with the motto Gens una sumus (Latin for "We are one people“). There are 185 member federations of FIDE. In 1957, there were 50 GMs (USSR: 19, Yugoslavia: 7, USA: 5). In 1972, there were 88 GMs with 33 representing the USSR. December 2008 saw a huge number of GMs (1,192) and IMs (2,916), leading to suggestions that FIDE should consider an "elite grandmaster" title.
- Details of Elo Rating: A player's Elo rating is represented by a number which increases or decreases depending on the outcome of games between rated players. After every game, the winning player takes points from the losing one. The difference between the ratings of the winner and loser determines the total number of points gained or lost after a game. In a series of games between a high-rated player and a low-rated player, the high-rated player is expected to score more wins. If the high-rated player wins, then only a few rating points will be taken from the low-rated player. However, if the lower rated player scores an upset win, many rating points will be transferred. The lower rated player will also gain a few points from the higher rated player in the event of a draw. This means that this rating system is self-correcting. A player whose rating is too low should, in the long run, do better than the rating system predicts, and thus gain rating points until the rating reflects their true playing strength.
- The path to becoming a grandmaster
- To become a grandmaster, a player needs to earn three norms (a high level of performance in a tournament) and a 2500 rating.
- Most international masters have a rating of between 2400 and 2500, and the higher rating band of 2500-2700 puts a player in the category of grandmaster. Players with a rating over 2700 can be considered contenders for the World Championship.
- Chennai’s Praggnanandhaa was guaranteed a third norm irrespective of the result of the match. The 12-year-old won his first norm at the World Junior Championships in Tarvisio in November 2017, and his second after winning the Herkalion Fischer Memorial GM Norm tournament in Greece in April.
- The world's first female GM, Susan Polgar, took to Twitter to congratulate him, writing "India just produced the 2nd youngest chess GM in history!“
- Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen (Norwegian) is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and the current World Chess Champion.
- He earned his grandmaster title at the age of 13 years and 148 days, and became World Champion in 2013 by defeating Viswanathan Anand of India.
- In the next year, he retained his title against Anand, won both the 2014 World Rapid Championship and World Blitz Championship, thus becoming the first player to simultaneously hold all three titles, and reached a peak rating of 2882, the highest in history. In 2016, he defended his title against Sergey Karjakin.
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