World Polio Day 2020

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  World Polio Day 2020

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Key points– 
  1. Every year, World Polio Day is observed on October 24 to raise awareness for polio vaccination and eradication of polio.
  2. The World Polio Day was established by Rotary International over a decade ago to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk who led the first team to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis.
Theme –
  1. Stories of Progress: Past and Present.
Important details – 
  1. WHO says that use of the poliovirus vaccine and subsequent widespread use of the oral poliovirus, developed by Albert Sabin, led to the establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988.
  2. As of 2013, GPEI had reduced polio worldwide by 99%.
  3. The last stronghold of poliovirus is in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Several critical challenges stand in the way of achieving eradication, including the global pandemic – Covid-19.
Polio –
  1. It is a virus that may cause paralysis and is easily preventable by the polio vaccine.
  2. Polio is transmitted through contaminated water or food, or contact with an infected person.
  3. Polio is caused by an RNA virus, where 85% of the infections are paralytic. 
  4. Poliovirus is most commonly spread in the areas where there is poor sanitation. 
  5. Individuals infected with the poliovirus can spread the infection from their feces. Also, direct contact with the poliovirus-infected person can cause poliomyelitis.
  6. Many people who are infected with the poliovirus don't become sick and have no symptoms. However, those who do become ill develop paralysis, which can sometimes be fatal.
  7. Treatment includes bed rest, pain relievers and portable ventilators.
Two types of vaccine to prevent polio – 
  1. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on the patient’s age. Only IPV has been used in the United States since 2000.
  2. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used throughout much of the world.
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PT's IAS Academy: World Polio Day 2020
World Polio Day 2020
Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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