HOW GECKOS HANG UPSIDE DOWN

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 HOW GECKOS HANG UPSIDE DOWN

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    • Geckos – our spiderman fantasy
    • So scientists got a wonderful idea
    • Why not copy what Mother Nature is doing?
    • And thus was born BIOMIMETICS
    • Biomimetics – the imitation of the way nature is structured to solve complex human problems
    • SEM images of a Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) (A,C) and fabricated hierarchical polystyrene (PS) nanohairs with high aspect ratio (AR) (B,D). Inset in (B) water contact angle of the elongated hierarchical PS nanohairs.
    • Geckos – our spiderman fantasy
    • The large size of the gecko and its ability to climb structures easily was the inspiration for dry adhesives 
    • Since 2010, there have been many advances in the field of dry adhesives with new research focusing on developing nanoscale and hierarchical features
    • We want synthetic gecko-like dry adhesives which are strong, durable, and self-cleaning
    • The desire is to build climbing robots 
    • Inspired by the Tokay gecko (300 g and 35 cm long)
    • Geckos – our spiderman fantasy
    • EXPLANATION – On the sole of a gecko’s toes there are some one billion tiny adhesive hairs, about 200 nanometers in both width and length
    • These hairs put the gecko in direct physical contact with its environment
    • The shape of the fibers is also significant; for example, spatula-shaped ends on the hairs provide particularly strong adhesion
    • Researching how insect and gecko feet have evolved to optimize adhesion strength is leading to bio-inspired development of artificial dry adhesive systems
    • Scientists went into deep research!
    • The nanoscale fibrillar structures in animals with hairy attachment pads. The density of surface hairs increases with the body weight of animal, and gecko has the highest density among all animal species.
    • Van der Waals force  are weak electrostatic forces that attract neutral molecules to one another.
      1. Named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals
    • Two kinds: weak London Dispersion Forces and stronger dipole-dipole forces.
      1. So, it is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules
      2. London dispersion force = weakest intermolecular force (temporary attractive force) that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles
    • In this view, a quantum dot confines in all the three dimensions; a quantum wire (nanowire) confines in two dimensions; and a quantum well confines only in
    • one dimension. The corresponding structures are also termed as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) potential wells, respectively, with regard to the number of dimensions in which the confined particle has freedom of movement. Figure 4 shows the overview of quantum confinement in nanostructures.
    • Electrons confined in one direction, i.e., quantum wells (thin films): Electrons can easily move in two dimensions (2D), so one dimensional is quantized.
    • Electrons confined in two directions, i.e., quantum wires: Electrons can easily move in one dimension (1D), so two dimensional is quantized.
    • Electrons confined in three directions, i.e., quantum dots: Electrons can easily move in zero dimension (0D), so three dimensional is quantized.
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                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy, PT education, IAS, CSE, UPSC, Prelims, Mains, exam coaching, exam prep, Civil Services test

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                                                                                                                                                                            PT's IAS Academy: HOW GECKOS HANG UPSIDE DOWN
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                                                                                                                                                                            Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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