National Legal Services Day - 9th November

The National Legal Services Day is a reminder that India has to fulfil the cherished goals set in Directive Principles.

National Legal Services Day - 9th November
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  • The story: The National Legal Services Day is observed on November 9 annually in India. It is celebrated to commemorate the enactment of the Legal Services Authorities Act 1987.
  • Importance: The National Legal Services Day is significant to create awareness among people regarding various provisions under the Legal Services Authorities Act as well as the rights of the litigants.
  1. The important Day, apart from keeping the citizens informed, also works towards encouraging free of charge, proficient legal services to those belonging to the weaker section of the society. The National Legal Services Day provides a perfect opportunity to raise the issues and problems with the justice system of India and how it can be rectified.
  2. History - The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 was enacted on October 11, 1987, and the act came into effect on November 9, 1995. The National Legal Services Day was commenced by the Supreme Court of India in 1995 to assist and provide help and support to the weaker sections of the society and commemorate the enactment of the Legal Services Authorities Act.
  3. The Day was established with a mandate to offer support and help to a weaker and poor group which include women, Scheduled Tribes, disabled persons, Scheduled Castes, natural calamities victims as well as human trafficking victims.
  • Role of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA): The Authority was constituted in 1995 under the authority of the Legal Services Authorities Act 1987. It undertook various activities including the free legal aid and advice to the needy as well as the disposal of cases through mediation and amicable settlement. NALSA was a unique effort to minimize the backlogs of the courts in India as well as to afford access to justice for needy litigants.
  • Celebration of the Day: The Day is observed to make the citizens of the country aware of the various provisions under the Legal Services Authorities Act and the rights of the litigants. On this day, each jurisdiction organizes legal aid camps, Lok adalats, and legal aid programmes.
  • Constitutional background: Towards fulfilling the Preambular promise of securing to all the citizens, Justice – social, economic and political, the Article 39 A of the Constitution of India provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society, to promote justice on the basis of equal opportunity. Article 39 A is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, in Part IV of the Indian constitution.
  1. Articles 14 and 22(1) of the Constitution also make it obligatory for the State to ensure equality before law.
  2. To that end, in 1987, the Legal Services Authorities Act was enacted by the Parliament, which came into force on 9th November, 1995 to establish a nationwide uniform network for providing free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society.
  • Article 39A: It states that - "The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities." The article was inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976.
  • Article 14: It states that - "Equality before law - The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth".
  • Article 22(1): It states that - "No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice."
  • EXAM QUESTIONS: (1) Explain why thousands of undertrials languish in Indian prisons, awaiting trial, while the constitutional provisions prohibit any such incarceration. (2) What is the principle of 'bail is the rule, jail the exception'? Explain with facts and examples. (3) Every Indian is entitled to the best and cheapest legal aid. To what extent has Indian system fulfilled that cherished goal? Analyse.
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PT's IAS Academy: National Legal Services Day - 9th November
National Legal Services Day - 9th November
The National Legal Services Day is a reminder that India has to fulfil the cherished goals set in Directive Principles.
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