INDIA’S UNIVERSAL VACCINATION PROGRAMME

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 INDIA’S UNIVERSAL VACCINATION PROGRAMME

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• BCG – It is Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, given to infants to protect from tubercular meningitis and disseminated TB.

1. When to give – BCG vaccine is given at birth or as early as possible till 1 year of birth
2. Route and site – BCG is given as intradermal injection in left upper arm.

• OPV – OPV stands for Oral Polio Vaccine. It protects children from poliomylitis.

1. When to give – OPV is given at birth called zero dose and three doses are given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks. A booster dose is given at 16-24 months of age.
2. Route and site – OPV is given orally in the form of two drops.

• Hepatitis B vaccine – Hepatitis B vaccine protects from Hepatitis B virus infection.

1. When to give – Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth or as early as possible within 24 hours. Subsequently 3 dose are given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks in combination with DPT and Hib in the form of pentavalent vaccine.
2. Route and site – Intramuscular injection is given at anterolateral side of mid thigh

• Pentavalent Vaccine – Pentavalent vaccine is a combined vaccine to protect children from five diseases Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertusis, Haemophilis influenza type b infection and Hepatitis B.

1. When to give – Three doses are given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age (can be given till one year of age).
2. Route and site – Pentavalent vaccine is given intramuscularly on anterolateral side of mid thigh

• Rotavirus Vaccine – RVV stands for Rotavirus vaccine. It gives protection to infants and children against rotavirus diarrhoea. It is given in select states.

1. When to give – Three doses of vaccine are given at 6, 10, 14 weeks of age.
2. Route and site – 5 drops of vaccine are given orally.

• PCV – PCV stands for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. It protects infants and young children against disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is given in select states.

1. When to give – The vaccine is given as two primary doses at 6 & 14 weeks of age followed by a booster dose at 9 months of age
2. Route and site – PCV is given as intramuscular (IM) injection in outer right upper thigh. It should be noted that pentavalent vaccine and PCV are given as two separate injections into opposite thighs.

• fIPV – It stands for Fractional Inactivated Poliomylitis Vaccine. It is used to boost the protection against poliomylitis.

1. When to give – Two fractional doses of IVP are given intradermally at 6 and 14 weeks of age.
2. Route and site – It is given as intradermal injection at right upper arm.

• Measles/ MR vaccine – Measles vaccine is used to protect children from measles. In few states Measles and Rubella a combined vaccine is given to protect from Measles and Rubella infection.

1. When to give – First dose of Measles or MR vaccine is given at 9 completed months to12 months (vaccine can be given up to 5 years if not given at 9-12 months age) and second dose is given at 16-24 months.
2. Route and site – Measles Vaccine is given as subcutaneous injection in right upper arm.

• JE vaccine – JE stands for Japanese encephalitis vaccine. It gives protection against Japanese Encephalitis disease. JE vaccine is given in select districts endemic for JE.

1. When to give – JE vaccine is given in two doses first dose is given at 9 completed months-12 months of age and second dose at 16-24 months of age.
2. Route and site – It is given as subcutaneous injection.

• DPT booster – DPT is a combined vaccine; it protects children from Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis.

1. When to give – DPT vaccine is given at 16-24 months of age is called as DPT first booster and DPT 2nd booster is given at 5-6 years of age.
2. Route and site – DPT first booster is given as intramuscular injection in antero-lateral side of mid thigh in left leg. DPT second booster is given as intramuscular injection in left upper arm.

• TT – Tetanus toxoid vaccine is used to provide protection against tetanus. 

1. When to give – Tetanus toxoid vaccine is given at 10 years and 15 years of age when previous injections of pentavalent vaccine and DPT vaccine are given at scheduled age. Pregnant women-TT-1 is given early in pregnancy; and TT-2 is given 4 weeks after TT-1. TT booster is given when two doses of TT are given in a pregnancy in last three years.
2. Route and site – TT is given as Intramuscular injection in upper arm.

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