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INDIA EMPLOYMENT SURVEYS
Read more on - Polity | Economy | Schemes | S&T | Environment
- India’s employment policy: The long-pending national employment policy is expected to see a revival upon the completion of five major job surveys, expected in the next eight months. The policy has been hanging fire even as a vexing unemployment problem ballooned into a crisis of job and income loss after the coronavirus outbreak.
- Five big surveys: The five surveys are on (a) industrial establishments, (b) professionals, (c) migrants, (d) domestic workers and (e) the transport sector. They are expected to be broad based, with large sample sizes. The sliced view of the labour market will include ‘gig’ work, and help authorities formulate a comprehensive employment policy for both formal and informal segments and design social security and welfare measures.
- Benefits of new Surveys: The five surveys will be the base for the national employment policy. Once the data sets are in place, policy formulation will be easier. The surveys will involve six months of field work and their results will be out in the next seven to eight months, as per labour ministry. There has been a growing demand for a national policy on employment to formalize the large informal sector, build in social security for unorganized as well as gig workers, and formulate welfare schemes for the lower rung of the labour market.
- Job creation environment: While a national employment policy will be able to handle such issues with more clarity, it may also talk about incentives to employers to promote a job creation environment. The five employment surveys are aimed at giving a sliced view of the job market—for example, it will show the proportion of domestic workers in the workforce by major states and also provide all-India figures and percentage distribution. It will offer policymakers social and demographic characteristics of domestic workers.
- Insights: The survey on migrants will collect information on living, working and other socio-economic conditions that will be helpful in designing welfare measures and track their success. The one on professionals will estimate the total number of active professionals in the country and also capture how much employment is generated by these professionals. The transport sector survey shall give a good sense of gig workers and jobs being generated in the related value chain. Similarly, the industrial establishment survey will measure changes in employment in the non-farm economy.
- Inflation: Post the pandemic, there is a need to look at the informal and formal sector in a cohesive way. Informal workers and contingent workers need to be provided with social security, pension, and health facilities for better productivity and hence, policy support is a requirement.
- Scale of problem: An estimated 21 million salaried employees have lost their jobs by the end of August, according to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). Though things have started looking better now, new job creations are largely happening in rural India especially in construction and agriculture sectors.
- What it is: The Labour Minister Santosh Gangwar has launched the software applications for five all India surveys on February 18, 2021.
- Details: The five surveys include:
- All-India Survey on the migrant workers: Survey on the migrant workers will be carried with the aim of finding the estimated number of migrant workers in India, and to collect the information on their living & working conditions and the socio-economic conditions.
- All-India Survey on Domestic Workers: The All-India Survey on Domestic Workers will be carried with the objective of estimating the proportion of Domestic Workers in the workforce coming from across India. It will calculate the percentage distribution of these domestic workers and households that employ them.
- All-India survey on employment generated by professionals: This survey has essentially two goals - To estimate the total number of active professionals in the country and to capture the employment generated by these professionals.
- All-India survey on employment generated in Transport Sector: It will assess the employment generated in Transport Sector of India.
- All-India Quarterly Establishment based Employment Survey: It will measure the relative change in employment situation in the successive quarters for a sizeable group of non-farm economy. It will cover all the eight important sectors of Indian economy.
- Summary: There is a debate over poor quality of employment data in India, and this is the fresh govt. effort to streamline things.
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