Challenges in E-Shram portal ahead

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Finally, unorganised workers will get visibility via the NDUW, though challenges persist.

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 Challenges in E-Shram portal ahead

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  • [message]
    • ENGLISH ANALYSIS
  • The MOLE launched the E-Shram portal in August 2021 with the goal of creating a NDUW [MOLE - Ministry of Labour and Employment, NDUW - Natonal Database of Unorganised Workers]
  • It wants to register 39.8-40 crore unorganised workers of India, seeded via Aadhar, to issue and E-Shram card
  • All this, due to Supreme Court's pressure, and not due to any government's initiative
  • The delay in this initiative can be gauged from two facts - (i) four decades after the inter-State migrant workers act, and (ii) ten years after the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008
  • If all governments had woken up in time, a lot of distress of migrant workers would never exist, but state apathy reigned
  • It is bound to a long-drawn procedure, as each worker's registration will take a lot of time (so far, 6 lakh are registered, and a total of 38 crore are targeted)
  • Since the pandemic has pushed many lakhs more into unorganised work, actual nos. may be different
  • Workers will gain by registering, though a meagre Rs.2 lakh instant accident insurance benefit is hardly a carrot
  • Lakhs of small employers now have to ask their workers to register on the portal, and if the government bring penal measures, it may hit their functioning
  • Data privacy and security of the E-Shram portal is a serious concern, given the vast size of the database
  • Data will naturally be shared with States also, who have different cyber capabilities (and India doesn not yet have a data protection law in place)
  • Those already covered under EPF and ESI have been excluded, so lakhs of contract and fixed-term contract workers are out of UW universe
  • Since all hazardous establishments are automatically covered the ESI (even if 1 employee), hence those too are excluded [as per Social Security Code SSC]
  • NDUW also excludes crores of workers above 59 years (Age discrimination), who have little social security otherwise
  • Many thresholds in labour laws segment the market (10 / 20) and many workers do not have an Aadhaar-seeded mobile or a smartphone
  • The extent of definitional and systemic exclusions is vast
  • Unorganised workers come in various forms and complexities
  • Many are circular migrants, and keep changing trades frequently
  • Many do formal and informal work (gigs) simultaneously
  • The portal is quite mechanical, and laden with set assumptions
  • MOLE wants gig workers too on the portal, but legally are they even classified as workers? Are they organised or unorganised workers?
  • The SSC does not specifically include them, unless they are "self-employed" or "wage workers"
  • Then the all-inclusive "miscellaneous" category will have to used to expand occupations covered
  • States are crucial in making this project successful, and there are two issues
  • FIRST - technical issues ('server down') will demotivate workers from registering
  • SECOND - communication with workers is weak or non-existent
  • So large-scale communication campaigns are needed in all languages alongwith grievance resolution
  • Internet service agencies may end up charging hefty fees for completing the process, and printing out the E-Shram cards
  • The good thing about E-Shram is that finally, the invisibles will be fully visible to the country
  • A 'Labour Market Citizenship Document' will be given
  • In the future, the E-Shram Card may be linked with "one nation one ration card ONOR", and the Election Commission card
  • But those who fail to register should not be denied any social assistance and benefits, as it would be a long-drawn process
  • [message]
    • HINDI ANALYSIS
  • MOLE ने अगस्त 2021 में NDUW बनाने के लक्ष्य के साथ ई-श्रम पोर्टल लॉन्च किया [MOLE - श्रम और रोजगार मंत्रालय, NDUW - असंगठित कामगारों का राष्ट्रीय डेटाबेस]
  • यह भारत के 39.8-40 करोड़ असंगठित श्रमिकों को आधार के माध्यम से जारी करने और ई-श्रम कार्ड जारी करने के लिए पंजीकृत करना चाहता है
  • यह सब सुप्रीम कोर्ट के दबाव की वजह से है, न कि किसी सरकार की पहल की वजह से
  • इस पहल में देरी का अंदाजा दो तथ्यों से लगाया जा सकता है - (i) अंतर-राज्यीय प्रवासी श्रमिक अधिनियम के चार दशक बाद, और (ii) असंगठित श्रमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा अधिनियम, 2008 के दस साल बाद
  • समय रहते सभी सरकारें जागी होतीं तो प्रवासी मजदूरों का भारी संकट कभी नहीं होता, लेकिन राज्य की उदासीनता सर्वोपरि!
  • यह एक लंबी प्रक्रिया होने वाली है, क्योंकि प्रत्येक कामगार के पंजीकरण में बहुत समय लगेगा (अब तक, 6 लाख पंजीकृत हैं, और कुल 38 करोड़ लक्षित हैं)
  • चूंकि महामारी ने कई लाख और असंगठित कामों में धकेल दिया है, वास्तविक संख्या। अलग हो सकती है
  • पंजीकरण कराने से श्रमिकों को लाभ होगा, हालांकि 2 लाख रुपये का तत्काल दुर्घटना बीमा लाभ शायद ही कोई प्रेरणा हो
  • लाखों छोटे नियोक्ताओं को अब अपने कर्मचारियों को पोर्टल पर पंजीकरण करने के लिए कहना पड़ रहा है, और अगर सरकार दंडात्मक उपाय करती है, तो इससे उनके कामकाज पर असर पड़ सकता है
  • डेटाबेस के विशाल आकार को देखते हुए, ई-श्रम पोर्टल की डेटा गोपनीयता और सुरक्षा एक गंभीर चिंता का विषय है
  • डेटा स्वाभाविक रूप से राज्यों के साथ भी साझा किया जाएगा, जिनके पास अलग-अलग साइबर क्षमताएं हैं (और भारत में अभी तक डेटा सुरक्षा कानून नहीं है)
  • जो पहले से ही ईपीएफ और ईएसआई के तहत कवर किए गए हैं, उन्हें बाहर रखा गया है, इसलिए लाखों अनुबंध और निश्चित अवधि के अनुबंध कर्मचारी यूडब्ल्यू से बाहर रहेंगे
  • चूंकि सभी खतरनाक प्रतिष्ठान स्वचालित रूप से ईएसआई (भले ही 1 कर्मचारी हों) को कवर करते हैं, इसलिए उन्हें भी बाहर रखा गया है [सामाजिक सुरक्षा कोड एसएससी के अनुसार]
  • NDUW 59 वर्ष से ऊपर के करोड़ों श्रमिकों (आयु का भेदभाव) को भी बाहर करता है, जिनके पास अन्यथा बहुत कम सामाजिक सुरक्षा है
  • श्रम कानून खंड में कई दहलीज हैं (10/20) और कई श्रमिकों के पास आधार-सीड मोबाइल या स्मार्टफोन नहीं है
  • निश्चित और प्रणालीगत बहिष्करण की सीमा बहुत बड़ी है
  • असंगठित श्रमिक विभिन्न रूपों और जटिलताओं में आते हैं
  • कई सर्कुलर प्रवासी हैं, और बार-बार व्यापार बदलते रहते हैं
  • कई औपचारिक और अनौपचारिक काम एक साथ करते हैं
  • पोर्टल काफी यांत्रिक है, और निर्धारित मान्यताओं से भरा है
  • MOLE "गिग वर्कर्स" को भी पोर्टल पर लाना चाहता है, लेकिन क्या कानूनी तौर पर उन्हें वर्कर के रूप में भी वर्गीकृत किया गया है? क्या वे संगठित या असंगठित श्रमिक हैं?
  • एसएससी विशेष रूप से उन्हें शामिल नहीं करता है, जब तक कि वे "स्व-नियोजित" या "मजदूरी कर्मचारी" न हों
  • फिर सभी समावेशी "विविध" श्रेणी को कवर किए गए व्यवसायों का विस्तार करने के लिए उपयोग करना होगा
  • इस परियोजना को सफल बनाने में राज्य महत्वपूर्ण हैं, और दो मुद्दे हैं
  • सबसे पहले - तकनीकी समस्याएं ('सर्वर डाउन') श्रमिकों को पंजीकरण करने से रोक देंगी
  • दूसरा - श्रमिकों के साथ संचार कमजोर या न के बराबर है
  • इसलिए शिकायत समाधान के साथ-साथ सभी भाषाओं में बड़े पैमाने पर संचार अभियानों की आवश्यकता है
  • इंटरनेट सेवा एजेंसियां ​​इस प्रक्रिया को पूरा करने और ई-श्रम कार्डों को प्रिंट करने के लिए भारी शुल्क वसूल सकती हैं
  • ई-श्रम के बारे में अच्छी बात यह है कि अंत में, देश को अदृश्य पूरी तरह से दिखाई देगा
  • एक 'श्रम बाजार नागरिकता दस्तावेज' दिया जाएगा
  • भविष्य में, ई-श्रम कार्ड को "एक राष्ट्र एक राशन कार्ड ओएनओआर", और चुनाव आयोग कार्ड से जोड़ा जा सकता है
  • लेकिन जो लोग पंजीकरण में विफल रहते हैं उन्हें किसी भी सामाजिक सहायता और लाभ से वंचित नहीं किया जाना चाहिए, क्योंकि यह एक लंबी प्रक्रिया होगी
#MOLE #Unorganised #NDUW #Labour #SocialSecurity #GOI

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PT's IAS Academy: Challenges in E-Shram portal ahead
Challenges in E-Shram portal ahead
Finally, unorganised workers will get visibility via the NDUW, though challenges persist.
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PT's IAS Academy
https://civils.pteducation.com/2021/09/hindu-editorial-analysis-17-september-2021-fourth.html
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