Analysis of future trend growth of GDP

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The high growth path for Indian GDP in future will depend on government expenditure now, and it can afford it, given the huge rise in taxes, and lower

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 Analysis of future trend growth of GDP

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    • ENGLISH ANALYSIS
  • India's GDP growth figures for first quarter 2021-22 came in at 20.1%, but GDP fell short of what it was in Q1 of 2019-20, by Rs.3.3 lakh crore (that needed 32.3% growth)
  • The second wave of Covid-19 hit India very hard in Q1, otherwise GDP growth would have been higher (same happened with Q1 of 2020-21, with the first Covid wave)
  • The first wave left a deep economic impact, and the second one a deep health impact; a key reason was the nature of lockdowns followed in both waves
  • The RBI's annual growth forecast for 2021-22 is 9.5%, so three quarters growth figures have to ensure it
  • It would seem that 6.8% growth in other three will make it to 9.5% - for Q2, it's easy, due to the base effect (last Q2 had a contraction of 7.4%), but for Q3 and Q4, the task would be more demanding (positive growth last year of 0.5% and 1.6%, resp.)
  • Indian GDP's biggest chunk comes from the PFCE (private final consumption expenditure), which has been at 56.5% average over past three years
  • PFCE contracted by 26% in Q1 last year, and grew by 19% this year (less than GDP rate); So recovery in PFCE is lagging
  • That is due to poor income growth and income distribution, hence more support for incomes and jobs is needed for MSMEs and informal India (they consume much more)
  • Exports grew by 39% (contraction of 21% last year), and Investments (GFCF) grew by 55% (huge base effect) but was less than that in 2019-20
  • Sadly, the GFCE (govt. final consumption expenditure) contracted in 2021-22 by 4.8%, despite a low base effect
  • All the above are demand side factors, and as for the output side factors, the impact of Covid was clearly seen
  • Major service sector (trade, transport, storage et al) grew by 34% (contraction of 48% last year) but total output was 30% lower than that in 2019-20
  • Same for 'public administration, defence and other services', which grew by 5.8%, but contracted by 5% compared to 2019-20
  • Agriculture had grown positively throughout 2020-21, and in Q1 of 2021-22, it grew by 4.5%; since its overall weight in output is around 15%, and since it's grown steadily, expect no more
  • Growth now has to come from (i) manufacturing sector, and (ii) two big service sectors (trade transport / financial real estate)
  • How to assess government intervention in economy - (i) on demand side, by GFCE, and (ii) on supply (output) side by spend on public admin, defence and other services
  • The government's GTR (gross tax revenue) grew by 83% in April-July period 2021-22 (over 2020-21) and by 29% over April-July 2019-20
  • The fiscal deficit in April-July was only 21% of total target (compared to 90% in all preceding four years, for this period)
  • The government, hence, has a lot of funds it can now spend and push GDP up
  • Given this fund availability, all efforts must be made to contain the third wave, and push vaccination rapidly
  • Do not contain the fiscal deficit below the 6.8% of GDP target at all
  • If India grows by 9.5% in 2021-22, it will be 1.1% for 2020-22 period overall
  • Real game begins in 2022-23, and if India can maintain a 7% trajectory, it would push for making up the lost production
  • The foundation of that fast growth has to be laid right now
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    • HINDI ANALYSIS
  • पहली तिमाही 2021-22 के लिए भारत की जीडीपी वृद्धि के आंकड़े 20.1% पर आए, लेकिन जीडीपी 2019-20 की पहली तिमाही की तुलना में 3.3 लाख करोड़ रुपये कम हो गई (जिसे 32.3% की वृद्धि की आवश्यकता थी)
  • कोविड -19 की दूसरी लहर ने भारत को Q1 में बहुत दिक्कतें दीं, अन्यथा सकल घरेलू उत्पाद की वृद्धि अधिक होती (ऐसा ही 2020-21 के Q1 के साथ हुआ, पहली कोविड लहर के साथ)
  • पहली लहर ने गहरा आर्थिक प्रभाव छोड़ा, और दूसरी लहर ने एक गहरा स्वास्थ्य प्रभाव छोड़ा; एक प्रमुख कारण दोनों तरंगों में लॉकडाउन की प्रकृति का पालन किया गया था
  • 2021-22 के लिए आरबीआई का वार्षिक विकास पूर्वानुमान 9.5% है, इसलिए तीन तिमाहियों के विकास के आंकड़ों को यह सुनिश्चित करना होगा
  • ऐसा लगता है कि अन्य तीन में 6.8% की वृद्धि इसे 9.5% कर देगी - Q2 के लिए, यह आसान है, आधार प्रभाव के कारण (पिछले Q2 में 7.4% का संकुचन था), लेकिन Q3 और Q4 के लिए, ये अधिक कठिन होगा (सकारात्मक वृद्धि पिछले वर्ष 0.5% और 1.6%, क्रमशः)
  • भारतीय जीडीपी का सबसे बड़ा हिस्सा पीएफसीई (निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय) से आता है, जो पिछले तीन वर्षों में औसतन 56.5% रहा है
  • PFCE में पिछले वर्ष की पहली तिमाही में 26% की कमी आई, और इस वर्ष 19% की वृद्धि हुई (जीडीपी दर से कम); इसलिए पीएफसीई में रिकवरी पिछड़ रही है
  • यह खराब आय वृद्धि और आय वितरण के कारण है, इसलिए एमएसएमई और अनौपचारिक भारत के लिए आय और नौकरियों के लिए अधिक समर्थन की आवश्यकता है (वे बहुत अधिक उपभोग करते हैं)
  • निर्यात में 39% की वृद्धि हुई (पिछले वर्ष 21% का संकुचन), और निवेश (GFCF) में 55% (विशाल आधार प्रभाव) की वृद्धि हुई, लेकिन 2019-20 में इससे कम थी
  • अफसोस की बात है कि जीएफसीई (सरकारी अंतिम खपत व्यय) कम आधार प्रभाव के बावजूद 2021-22 में 4.8% कम हो गया
  • उपरोक्त सभी मांग पक्ष कारक हैं, और जहां तक ​​उत्पादन पक्ष कारकों का संबंध है, कोविड का प्रभाव स्पष्ट रूप से देखा गया था
  • प्रमुख सेवा क्षेत्र (व्यापार, परिवहन, भंडारण आदि) में 34% की वृद्धि हुई (पिछले वर्ष 48% का संकुचन) लेकिन कुल उत्पादन 2019-20 की तुलना में 30% कम था
  • 'लोक प्रशासन, रक्षा और अन्य सेवाओं' के लिए भी, जो 5.8% बढ़ा, लेकिन 2019-20 की तुलना में 5% कम हो गया
  • २०२०-२१ के दौरान कृषि में सकारात्मक वृद्धि हुई थी, और २०२१-२२ की पहली तिमाही में, यह ४.५% की दर से बढ़ी; चूंकि उत्पादन में इसका कुल भार लगभग 15% है, और चूंकि यह लगातार बढ़ा है, इसलिए और अधिक की उम्मीद नहीं है
  • विकास अब (i) विनिर्माण क्षेत्र, और (ii) दो बड़े सेवा क्षेत्रों (व्यापार परिवहन / वित्तीय अचल संपत्ति) से आना है
  • अर्थव्यवस्था में सरकारी हस्तक्षेप का आकलन कैसे करें - (i) मांग पक्ष पर, GFCE द्वारा, और (ii) सार्वजनिक प्रशासन, रक्षा और अन्य सेवाओं पर खर्च करके आपूर्ति (उत्पादन) पक्ष पर
  • सरकार का जीटीआर (सकल कर राजस्व) अप्रैल-जुलाई की अवधि 2021-22 (2020-21 से अधिक) में 83% और अप्रैल-जुलाई 2019-20 में 29% बढ़ा
  • अप्रैल-जुलाई में राजकोषीय घाटा कुल लक्ष्य का केवल २१% था (इस अवधि के लिए पिछले सभी चार वर्षों में ९०% की तुलना में)
  • इसलिए, सरकार के पास बहुत अधिक धन है जो वह अब खर्च कर सकती है और जीडीपी को बढ़ा सकती है
  • इस फंड की उपलब्धता को देखते हुए, तीसरी लहर को नियंत्रित करने और टीकाकरण को तेजी से आगे बढ़ाने के लिए सभी प्रयास किए जाने चाहिए
  • राजकोषीय घाटे को सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के लक्ष्य के 6.8% से नीचे बिल्कुल भी न रखें
  • अगर भारत 2021-22 में 9.5% बढ़ता है, तो यह 2020-22 की अवधि के लिए कुल मिलाकर 1.1% होगा
  • असली खेल 2022-23 में शुरू होता है, और अगर भारत 7% प्रक्षेपवक्र बनाए रख सकता है, तो यह खोए हुए उत्पादन को पूरा करने के लिए जोर देगा।
  • उस तेज विकास की नींव अभी रखनी है
#GDP #GFCF #PFCE #GFCE #GVA #Economy
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PT's IAS Academy: Analysis of future trend growth of GDP
Analysis of future trend growth of GDP
The high growth path for Indian GDP in future will depend on government expenditure now, and it can afford it, given the huge rise in taxes, and lower
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PT's IAS Academy
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