Cancel the destructive hydropower projects now

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The destructive hydropower projects in sensitive Himalayan region are neither economically feasible, nor environmentally advisable; scrap them now.

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 Cancel the destructive hydropower projects now


Read more on - Polity | Economy | Schemes | S&T | Environment


  • [message]
    • ENGLISH ANALYSIS
  • The Ganga-Himalayan basin is fragile and vulnerable, and large infrastructure projects there damage it badly, but Indian policymakers seem to have made up their minds to not stop such projects from coming up
  • The multiple disasters in Uttarakhand have been studied, and one of the major culprits is the rising anthropogenic pressure (Example: Rishi-Ganga valley disaster, Feb 2021)
  • The government is dangerously ignoring all warnings from science, that conservation and protection must be top priority now
  • How exactly? Because the latest affidavit by MoEFCC in the SC shows it recommended completing the construction of seven pending hydropower projects in Uttarakhand Himalayas; that is directly against the main job of MoEFCC - to protect India's natural environment (and also to rejuvenate Ganga river)  [MoEFCC - Ministry of Environment, SC - Supreme Court]
  • Kedarnath disaster 2013 - The SC took suo motu cognizance of it, and constituted an Expert Body (EB-1) that reported such hydro-power projects had directly and indirectly contributed to many disasters
  • Upset by it, the MoEFCC constituted multiple committees until it extracted a favourable report that allowed such projects with some design changes
  • In the August 2021 affidavit, the MoEFCC used EB-2's recommendation, sidelining the EB-1 warnings, clearly showing how private developers are in cahoots with the politicians [EB-2 - BP Das Committee]
  • This also negated the MoEFCC's own 2014 affidavit that accepted the problem with hydropower projects!
  • This is also against the Feb 2019 PMO decision which abandoned all new proposals of hydropower projects on Ganga, and scrapped those that didn't complete 50% construction by then (itself a bad idea that puts money over nature)
  • And this, when the IPCC itself has warnings on fragile mountainous ecological regimes
  • Hydropower relies on excess water, and climate change science is indicating that melting glaciers of the Himalayas (due to global warming) will impact the drainage network in these mountains
  • Seasonal flow of rivers will be hit, as glaciers retreat, and floods and droughts alternate (by 2050, average temp rise would be 1 to 2 degree C here)
  • Sediment hotspot paraglacial zones - These zones exist here, and when clouds burst, silt and debris flow into rivers, raising their volumes, and brining devastation downstream
  • Expert studies have indicated that dams in northeast India's mountains that are exposed to earthquakes, floods, extreme rain, avalanches and landslide, are full of risks ('risk-laden artifacts')
  • So hydropower may be a renewable source of energy (a logic repeatedly pounded home by dam lobbies), but the massive damage it does via social displacement, ecological impact, environmental risks is ignored
  • Since the Himalayas are already vulnerable, these dams make things worse
  • Intense activity worsens the flash floods, avalances and landslides
  • 15% of great earthquakes (magnitude higher than 8) of 20th century were in the Himalayas, and many segments are quite earthquake-prone even now (e.g. 2015 Nepal earthquake that destroyed many dams)
  • India must realise that hydropower projects that obstruct high-velocity flows worsen a disaster, and it's not just Uttarakhand; in Sikkim in 2007 and Arunachal Pradesh in 2010, large private-public projects were signed up (mostly speculative investments and political brokering)
  • Locals have complained of "sinking of mountain slopes, drying up of springs, developing fissures, increased landslides" (the underground tunnels network that carries water to the powerhouses, destroys mountain slopes)
  • Many projects were approved without any scientific backing, but new scientific truths demand their cancellation
  • Large sums are being spent building dams that won't ever reach their capacity, while harming water and forests
  • It is time for the government to stop all projects in upper reaches of the headstreams of Ganga river, which are eco-sensitive zones
  • Allow the river to flow without any bondage 
  • [message]
    • HINDI ANALYSIS
  • गंगा-हिमालयी बेसिन नाजुक और कमजोर है, और वहां की बड़ी बुनियादी ढांचा परियोजनाएं इसे बुरी तरह से नुकसान पहुंचाती हैं, लेकिन ऐसा लगता है कि भारतीय नीति निर्माताओं ने ऐसी परियोजनाओं को आने से नहीं रोकने का मन बना लिया है
  • उत्तराखंड में कई आपदाओं का अध्ययन किया गया है, और प्रमुख दोषियों में से एक बढ़ता मानवजनित दबाव है (उदाहरण: ऋषि-गंगा घाटी आपदा, फरवरी 2021)
  • सरकार खतरनाक रूप से विज्ञान की सभी चेतावनियों की अनदेखी कर रही है, कि संरक्षण और संरक्षण अब सर्वोच्च प्राथमिकता होनी चाहिए
  • लेकिन कैसे? क्योंकि उच्चतम न्यायालय में MoEFCC के नवीनतम हलफनामे से पता चलता है कि उसने उत्तराखंड हिमालय में सात लंबित जल विद्युत परियोजनाओं के निर्माण को पूरा करने की सिफारिश की थी; यह सीधे तौर पर MoEFCC के मुख्य कार्य के खिलाफ है - भारत के प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण की रक्षा करना (और गंगा नदी को फिर से जीवंत करना) [MoEFCC - पर्यावरण मंत्रालय, SC - सुप्रीम कोर्ट]
  • केदारनाथ आपदा 2013 - सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने इसका स्वत: संज्ञान लिया, और एक विशेषज्ञ निकाय (ईबी -1) का गठन किया जिसने रिपोर्ट की कि ऐसी जल विद्युत परियोजनाओं ने प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से कई आपदाओं में योगदान दिया था
  • इससे परेशान होकर, MoEFCC ने कई समितियों का गठन किया, जब तक कि उसने एक अनुकूल रिपोर्ट नहीं निकाली जिसने कुछ डिज़ाइन परिवर्तनों के साथ ऐसी परियोजनाओं की अनुमति दी
  • अगस्त 2021 के हलफनामे में, MoEFCC ने EB-2 की सिफारिश का इस्तेमाल किया, EB-1 चेतावनियों को दरकिनार करते हुए स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाया कि कैसे निजी डेवलपर्स राजनेताओं के साथ मिल रहे हैं [EB-2 - BP दास समिति]
  • इसने MoEFCC के अपने 2014 के हलफनामे को भी नकार दिया जिसने जलविद्युत परियोजनाओं के साथ समस्या को स्वीकार किया!
  • यह फरवरी 2019 के पीएमओ के फैसले के खिलाफ भी है, जिसने गंगा पर जलविद्युत परियोजनाओं के सभी नए प्रस्तावों को छोड़ दिया, और उन लोगों को रद्द कर दिया, जिन्होंने तब तक 50% निर्माण पूरा नहीं किया था (स्वयं एक बुरा विचार जो प्रकृति पर पैसा डालता है)
  • और यह तब है, जब खुद आईपीसीसी ने नाजुक पहाड़ी पारिस्थितिक व्यवस्थाओं पर चेतावनी दी है
  • जलविद्युत अतिरिक्त पानी पर निर्भर करता है, और जलवायु परिवर्तन विज्ञान यह संकेत दे रहा है कि हिमालय के पिघलने वाले ग्लेशियर (ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण) इन पहाड़ों में जल निकासी नेटवर्क को प्रभावित करेंगे
  • नदियों का मौसमी प्रवाह प्रभावित होगा, क्योंकि ग्लेशियर पीछे हटते हैं, और बाढ़ और सूखा वैकल्पिक होता है (2050 तक, औसत तापमान वृद्धि 1 से 2 डिग्री सेल्सियस होगी)
  • सेडिमेंट हॉटस्पॉट पैराग्लेशियल ज़ोन - ये ज़ोन यहाँ मौजूद हैं, और जब बादल फटते हैं, गाद और मलबा नदियों में प्रवाहित होता है, जिससे उनकी मात्रा बढ़ जाती है, और तबाही नीचे की ओर आती है।
  • विशेषज्ञ अध्ययनों ने संकेत दिया है कि भूकंप, बाढ़, अत्यधिक बारिश, हिमस्खलन और भूस्खलन के संपर्क में आने वाले पूर्वोत्तर भारत के पहाड़ों में बांध जोखिम से भरे हुए हैं ('जोखिम से लदी कलाकृतियां')
  • तो जलविद्युत ऊर्जा का एक अक्षय स्रोत हो सकता है (बांध लॉबी द्वारा बार-बार घर में तर्क दिया जाता है), लेकिन सामाजिक विस्थापन, पारिस्थितिक प्रभाव, पर्यावरणीय जोखिमों के माध्यम से इससे होने वाले बड़े नुकसान को नजरअंदाज कर दिया जाता है
  • चूंकि हिमालय पहले से ही कमजोर है, इसलिए ये बांध स्थिति को बदतर बना देते हैं
  • तीव्र मानवी गतिविधि फ्लैश फ्लड, हिमस्खलन और भूस्खलन को बदतर बनाती है
  • २०वीं शताब्दी के १५% बड़े भूकंप (८ से अधिक परिमाण) हिमालय में थे, और कई खंड अब भी काफी भूकंप-प्रवण हैं (जैसे २०१५ नेपाल भूकंप जिसने कई बांधों को नष्ट कर दिया)
  • भारत को यह महसूस करना चाहिए कि उच्च-वेग प्रवाह को बाधित करने वाली जलविद्युत परियोजनाएं एक आपदा को और भी बदतर बना देती हैं, और यह केवल उत्तराखंड ही नहीं है; 2007 में सिक्किम में और 2010 में अरुणाचल प्रदेश में, बड़ी निजी-सार्वजनिक परियोजनाओं पर हस्ताक्षर किए गए (ज्यादातर सट्टा निवेश और राजनीतिक दलाली)
  • स्थानीय लोगों ने "पहाड़ी ढलानों के डूबने, झरनों के सूखने, दरारें विकसित होने, भूस्खलन में वृद्धि" की शिकायत की है (भूमिगत सुरंगों का नेटवर्क जो बिजलीघरों तक पानी पहुंचाता है, पहाड़ की ढलानों को नष्ट करता है)
  • कई परियोजनाओं को बिना किसी वैज्ञानिक समर्थन के अनुमोदित किया गया था, लेकिन नए वैज्ञानिक सत्य उन्हें रद्द करने की मांग करते हैं
  • पानी और जंगलों को नुकसान पहुंचाते हुए, बांध बनाने में बड़ी रकम खर्च की जा रही है जो कभी भी अपनी क्षमता तक नहीं पहुंच पाएगी
  • यह समय सरकार के लिए गंगा नदी के ऊपरी इलाकों में सभी परियोजनाओं को रोकने का है, जो पर्यावरण के प्रति संवेदनशील क्षेत्र हैं
  • नदी को बिना किसी बंधन के बहने दीजिये 
Read more on - Polity | Economy | Schemes | S&T | Environment
 
#Ganga #Hydropower #Uttarakhand #Floods #NaturalDisasters #MoEFCC #SupremeCourt

 


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मुद्दे,15,बोधगम्यता के मूल तत्व,2,भारत का प्राचीन एवं मध्यकालीन इतिहास,47,भारत का स्वतंत्रता संघर्ष,19,भारत में कला वास्तुकला एवं साहित्य,11,भारत में शासन,18,भारतीय कृषि एवं संबंधित मुद्दें,10,भारतीय संविधान,14,महत्वपूर्ण हस्तियां,6,यूपीएससी मुख्य परीक्षा,91,यूपीएससी मुख्य परीक्षा जीएस,117,यूरोपीय,6,विश्व इतिहास की मुख्य घटनाएं,16,विश्व एवं भारतीय भूगोल,24,स्टडी मटेरियल,266,स्वतंत्रता-पश्चात् भारत,15,
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PT's IAS Academy: Cancel the destructive hydropower projects now
Cancel the destructive hydropower projects now
The destructive hydropower projects in sensitive Himalayan region are neither economically feasible, nor environmentally advisable; scrap them now.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5StoDcBpmFT5fWDIeksBYTYRqJuAy-12_NLyVuAoKbMhl793PUu-G2r8T65700J9XcwXb-ibDrrky804HPbqIZm-9FPgs2GHz34aMCiw-fCjdiYF1JzYBup15Qc9NbTeq0SDNAJ8tqAs/s16000/edit+3.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5StoDcBpmFT5fWDIeksBYTYRqJuAy-12_NLyVuAoKbMhl793PUu-G2r8T65700J9XcwXb-ibDrrky804HPbqIZm-9FPgs2GHz34aMCiw-fCjdiYF1JzYBup15Qc9NbTeq0SDNAJ8tqAs/s72-c/edit+3.jpg
PT's IAS Academy
https://civils.pteducation.com/2021/09/hindu-editorial-analysis-03-september-2021-third.html
https://civils.pteducation.com/
https://civils.pteducation.com/
https://civils.pteducation.com/2021/09/hindu-editorial-analysis-03-september-2021-third.html
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