Nurturing India

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Nurturing India

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  • Poshan Maah 2020: When the PM declared September 2020 as Poshan Maah (month of nutrition), the idea was to make nutrition awareness spread far and wide via community mobilisation. India suffers from mass malnutrition.
  • Kids worst affected: For children below 5 yrs of age, its impact is worst. As per the NFHS 2015-16, underweight and stunded kids were 355 and 38%, resp. India is committed, as part of the SDG-2 of Zero Hunger, to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. [SDG - Sustainable Development Goals]
  • Data: There were 68 crore under-nourished people globally, of which 19 cr were in India (28%, 2017-19 data). This is as per the reports of FAO, IFAS, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. Also, India has 4 crore (28%) of world's stunted children under 5, and 2 crore (43%) of wasted children, in 2019. So a total of 14% Indians were malnourished. Corresponding figure for China and Brazil was 2.5%. (stunted - low height for age; wasted - low weight for height)
  • NNM: The National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyan) aims at reducing stunting, underweight and low birth weight by 2% per annum, and also anaemia in females by 3% per annum. Studies show that these are nearly impossible targets.
  • Determinants of malnutrition: What affects children's level of nutrition the most is mother's level of education. It has a multiplier effect on household food security, and child's feeding practice. Sadly, only 14% Indian women have received higher education, way below other countries at same income level. Focus is needed to improve this situation, with basic things like separate toilets in schools for girls, distance from home, etc. Giving bicycles to girls can help reduced dropout rates.
  • Wealth index: This is the second major determinant, as it refers to sanitation facilities and safe drinking water. The WASH initiatives - safe drinking WAter, Sanitation and Hygiene - are critical for improvement. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2014 has changed the narrative a lot, with nearly 100% sanitation coverage in 2019. 
  • Diet focus: The third determinant will be to ensure that agricultural policies become more nutrition-sensitive, and diet diversification is undertaken properly. India's food safety nets are oriented towards staples (rice, wheat) but a more diversified food basket is now needed. Add coarse grains, millets, pulses and bio-fortified staples to it. Focus on pre-school children and women of reproductive age. 
  • Harvest Plus: The 'Harvest Plus' program of CGIAR can work with ICAR of India to grow new nutrient-rich staple crops like iron and zinc bio-fortified pearl millet, rice and wheat, and iron bio-fortified beans. [CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research; ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research]
  • Fourth determinant: For infants and children, the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, and special diets after first six months is essential for cognitive development. Aanganwadi workers and community participation can bring major improvements in child-caring practices.
  • The target: By addressing the a malnutrition free India by 2030, the government has to address the problem of malnutrition urgently. With the pandemic, the challenge has only grown bigger.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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