ISRO launches communication satellite CMS-01

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  ISRO launches communication satellite CMS-01

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• A new satellite: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the country’s 42nd communication satellite named CMS-01. This is the second satellite launched by ISRO during the pandemic.
• CMS-01: It's a communications satellite envisaged for providing services in extended C Band of the frequency spectrum and its coverage will include the Indian mainland and the Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands, the ISRO. It is expected to have a life of over seven years. It was injected precisely into its pre-defined sub- geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). CMS-01 is considered to be a replacement of the aged satellite GSAT-12. It provides services like tele-education, tele-medicine, disaster management support and Satellite Internet access. The satellite will be the first in a new series of communication satellites by India after the GSAT and INSAT series.
• Earlier: The last satellite launched by ISRO was called Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) 01. The new satellite is to function as a replacement for the GSAT-12, which was launched in 2011, and is in orbit still. 
• Knowledge centre: 

1. Geosynchronous orbit - A geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is a prograde, low inclination orbit about Earth having a period of 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. A spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit appears to remain above Earth at a constant longitude, although it may seem to wander north and south.
2. Geostationary orbit - A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit – a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator.  Geostationary satellites take 24 hours to orbit the Earth, so the satellite appears to remain in the same part of the sky when viewed from the ground. (Another type of geosynchronous orbit used by satellites is the Tundra elliptical orbit)
3. Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) - A geosynchronous transfer orbit or geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a type of geocentric orbit. Satellites which are destined for geosynchronous (GSO) or geostationary orbit (GEO) are (almost) always put into a GTO as an intermediate step for reaching their final orbit. A GTO is highly elliptic. Its perigee (closest point to Earth) is typically as high as low Earth orbit (LEO), while its apogee (furthest point from Earth) is as high as geostationary (or equally, a geosynchronous) orbit.
4. Communication Satellites - The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit. Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, it initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the same later. The GSAT-17 joins the constellation of INSAT System consisting 15 operational satellites, namely – INSAT-3A, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4CR and GSAT-6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18.
5. INSAT - The INSAT system with more than 200 transponders in the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services for telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations.

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