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Global Diabetes Compact: WHO
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- What it is: The World Health Organization (WHO) launched a "Global Diabetes Compact" to better fight the disease while marking the centenary of the discovery of insulin. Diabetes is a disease that modern lifestyles breed, unannounced.
- Points to note: The programme was launched at the Global Diabetes Summit co-hosted by the Government of Canada.
- Global Diabetes Compact - It has the vision of reducing the risk of diabetes, and ensuring that all people who are diagnosed with diabetes have access to equitable, comprehensive, affordable and quality treatment and care. It will support the prevention of type 2 diabetes from obesity, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, and will set standards for tackling the diseases in the form of ‘global coverage targets’ for ensuring a wider reach of diabetes care.
- Goal - A key aim of the program is to unite key stakeholders from the public and private sectors, and, critically, people who live with diabetes, around a common agenda, to generate new momentum and co-create solutions.
- Diabetes - It is a Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
- Two types of diabetes: It is classified into two types -
- Type 1 Diabetes: It occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. In this condition the body does not use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance.The main reason for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes is due to obesity and lack of exercise.
- Insulin - It is a peptide hormone secreted by Pancreas which helps in maintaining normal blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular glucose uptake, regulating carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and promoting cell division and growth through its mitogenic effects. It was discovered in 1921 by orthopedic surgeon Dr. Frederick Banting and medical student Charles Best, from the University of Toronto. Dr. Banting later won the Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1923 along with Professor McLeod who was a Professor of Carbohydrate Metabolism.
- Global Burden of Diabetes: Today, approximately 6% of the world’s population – more than 420 million people – live with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is the only major non-communicable disease for which the risk of dying early is going up, rather than down, and has emerged as one of the major comorbid conditions linked to severe Covid-19 infections. The International Diabetes Foundation Diabetes Atlas, in 2019, placed India among the top 10 countries for people with diabetes.
- Government of India: India’s National Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Target is to prevent the rise in obesity and diabetes prevalence. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010, to provide support for diagnosis and cost-effective treatment at various levels of health care.
- Knowledge centre:
- Pancreas - The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen, part of the digestive system. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells. It does two things - an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar. The most important hormone that the pancreas produces is insulin, released by the 'beta cells' in the islets of Langerhans in response to food. Its role is to lower glucose levels in the bloodstream and promote the storage of glucose in fat, muscle, liver and other body tissues. Without insulin, the cells cannot get enough energy from food. This form of diabetes results from the body's immune system attacking the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The beta cells become damaged and, over time, the pancreas stops producing enough insulin to meet the body's needs.
- Sugar imbalance - Hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal. Glucose is your body's main energy source. Hypoglycemia is often related to diabetes treatment. But other drugs and a variety of conditions — many rare — can cause low blood sugar in people who don't have diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood sugar happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.
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