EVs, charged up to overtake ICE vehicles

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 EVs, charged up to overtake ICE vehicles

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  • EV policy: Indian government and some state governments (like Delhi) have issues policy guidelines for incentives for customers of Electric Vehicles (EVs). They wish to push EV ownership in India quickly.
  • Story of EVs: Much before the Internal Combustion Engines were invented (ICEs), the Electric Vehicles had arrived on the scene. In 1842, the Galvini was the first electric rail engine (powered by zinc-acid batteries). It faced huge resistance by regular steam engine manufacturers. The high costs of batteries made it unviable too. By 1880s, power supply along railway lines removed that hurdle. Then came the much cheaper diesel engines, so electric engines didn't pick up.
  • First EV car: French inventors showed the first electric car in 1881, but low range (travel distance possible in one charge) and high costs made them unviable. And then came the excellent ICEs, pushing the EVs into oblivion, only to be rejuvenated in 1990s.
  • Pollution the driver: It was the huge pollution problem globally that brought electric vehicles out of oblivion. Technological advancements in powertrain and battery changed everything.
  • A new world: The new EVs are different - reliable charging and high power engines are the norm now. A range of upto 300 km and top speeds of upto 170 kmph are possible. The operating costs are Re.1 per km against Rs.4-5 per km for ICE vehicles. Many cities globally are planning to replace ICEs by EVs totally in 20 years. 
  • Some examples: Norway will ban all ICE vehicle sales by 2025, Germany by 2030, UK by 2035, and India by 2030. The govt. of India has launched the FAME scheme (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) to push EVs in India.
  • Support by govt.: The govt. is offering GST relief, and income tax deductions as well for EV purchases. State-level schemes are also available. Charging infra is now mandatory in some cities. 
  • Charging infra: The biggest worry for EV owners is charging points, and to solve this, the Department of Heavy Industries is creating thousands of new charging points under FAME II. The Delhi EV Policy 2020 wants more PCPs (Private Charging Points) and is giving subsidy for the same.
  • Tackling higher prices: Batteries make up 30-40% of the vehicle's cost, and the govt. has now allowed sale of EVs without pre-fitted batteries. That will push battery standardisation and innovation. Slowly, customer perception is changing, and by 2025 a sea-change is expected. 
  • The future: Charging on the move, quick charging, autonomous driving will change everything. ICEs may be seeing the end of the road soon.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PT's IAS Academy: EVs, charged up to overtake ICE vehicles
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