E20 Fuel in India

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 E20 Fuel in India


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  • New notification: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways published a draft notification, seeking comments from the public for adoption of E20 Fuel. This new fuel is a blend of 20% of ethanol with gasoline, and can be used as an automotive fuel.
  • E20 Fuel benefits: It will also help in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, etc., and help reduce the oil import bill, thereby saving foreign exchange and boosting energy security. The compatibility of the vehicle to the percentage of ethanol in the blend of ethanol and gasoline shall be defined by the vehicle manufacturer and the same shall be displayed on the vehicle by putting a clearly visible sticker.
  • Ethanol: It is a common by-product that comes from agricultural feedstock like corn, hemp, potato, etc. It can be used as a bio-fuel in Flexi-fuel vehicles, and is greener than gasoline because the corn and crop plantations absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow. While the fuel still releases CO2 when you burn it, the net increase is comparatively lower. Ethanol is less efficient as a fuel as it has lower energy content than energy-rich gasoline and diesel. Blends over E20 (20% ethanol) are highly corrosive for older vehicles as the alcohol can break down old rubber seals and can damage engines.
  • Biofuels: Any hydrocarbon fuel that is derived and produced from an organic matter, is called a biofuel. They can be solid, liquid or gaseous, and can be used to replace or can be used in addition to diesel, petrol or other fossil fuels for transport, stationary, portable and other applications. 
  • Generations of Biofuels: These are broadly classified into four categories based on their raw materials. They are -
    1. First-generation biofuels - Made from sugar, starch, vegetable oil, or animal fats using conventional technology. Common first-generation biofuels include Bioalcohols, Biodiesel, Vegetable oil, Bioethers, Biogas.
    2. Second-generation biofuels - Produced from non-food crops, such as cellulosic biofuels and waste biomass (stalks of wheat and corn, and wood). Examples include advanced biofuels like biohydrogen, bioethanol.
    3. Third-generation biofuels - Produced from microorganisms like algae.
    4. Fourth-generation biofuels: Made from genetically engineered crops which consume high amounts of carbon.
  • Various government initiatives: These include the National Biofuel Policy 2018, the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources) DHAN scheme, 2018, Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana, 2019 and the Repurpose Used Cooking Oil (RUCO).
  • Knowledge centre
    1. Biodiesel - It is the most common biofuel in Europe, produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is a liquid similar in composition to fossil/mineral diesel. It consists mostly of fatty acid methyl (or ethyl) esters (FAMEs). Feedstocks for biodiesel include animal fats, vegetable oils, soy, rapeseed, jatropha, mahua, mustard, flax, sunflower, palm oil, hemp, field pennycress, Pongamia pinnata and algae. Pure biodiesel (B100, also known as "neat" biodiesel) currently reduces emissions with up to 60% compared to diesel Second generation B100.
    2. Green diesel - It is produced through hydrocracking biological oil feedstocks, such as vegetable oils and animal fats. Hydrocracking is a refinery method that uses elevated temperatures and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to break down larger molecules, such as those found in vegetable oils, into shorter hydrocarbon chains used in diesel engines. It may also be called renewable diesel, or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO fuel). Unlike biodiesel, green diesel has exactly the same chemical properties as petroleum-based diesel, and does not require new engines, pipelines or infrastructure.
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PT's IAS Academy: E20 Fuel in India
E20 Fuel in India
Excellent study material for all civil services aspirants - begin learning - Kar ke dikhayenge!
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