Daily Current Affairs - Civil Services - 14-09-2020

Useful compilation of Civil Services oriented - Daily Current Affairs - Civil Services - 14-09-2020

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• SECTION 1 - TEN NEWS HEADLINES

1. India-China standoff 2020 – Status quo on LAC after Jaishankar-Wang meet – There is a freeze on all movement and activities along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh after External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, in Moscow on Sept 10 and agreed on a five-point solution to ease the border tension. Status quo is being maintained by the Indian and Chinese troops on the north and south banks of Pangong Tso (lake), which saw renewed mobilisation of troops, vehicles and weapons in the past few days. The south bank witnessed firing on August 30 and September 7, the first time since 1975 that shots were fired along the LAC. Here, Indian forces are dominating and are occupying the heights and ridges; at many spots, the two sides are just about 200 metres apart.
2. Polity and Governance – Monsoon session set for stormy start – The monsoon session of Parliament, delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, will get under way From Sept 14 with strict safety protocols in place. The 18-day session is expected to be stormy, with the Opposition eager to corner the government on its handling of the India-China border issue, the pandemic and the naming of senior Left leaders as co-conspirators in the Delhi riots case by the Delhi police. The session, with four-hour sittings for each House in shifts, including on weekends, will not only see the government lining up 11 ordinances, which were cleared during the lockdown, but also tabling up to 45 Bills in both Houses for approval. While Question Hour has been removed from the business of the day, questions that require written answers will be tabled, and a 30-minute Zero Hour for MPs to raise issues of importance has been added.
3. Education – 85-90% attendance at NEET – The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) for admission to undergraduate medical and dental courses recorded an attendance rate of “around 85%-90%” on Sunday, according to initial data from the National Testing Agency, which conducted the examination. Almost 16 lakh students had registered to write the examination, which was postponed twice from the initial May date due to the pandemic. The attendance figure is based on random sampling at centres across States, said a senior NTA official, adding that more accurate data would be available on Monday. The percentage of registered students who appeared for the examination may be slightly lower than the 92.85% recorded in 2019.
4. Economy – Debit card spend beats credit card in lockdown – There has been a shift in spending from credit cards to debit cards during the first quarter of the current fiscal, as Indians held back on discretionary purchases and went digital while paying for utilities and groceries. According to data released by the RBI, spending under credit cards in June 2020 was Rs 42,818 crore, which was 36% lower than Rs 67,000 crore in January 2020. On the other hand, debit card spends stood at Rs 47,252 crore, which was only 24% lower than Rs 62,153 crore pre-Covid. In terms of transactions, credit cards were used 12.5 crore times in June as compared to 20.3 crore transactions in January, while debit cards were used 45.8 crore times in January and 30.2 crore times in June. The average spend per credit card in January was almost Rs 12,000, which fell sharply to Rs 7,474 in June, while the average debit card spend fell from Rs 761 to Rs 558 during the same period.
5. World – No EU plot to destabilise the U.K.: Ireland – Ireland rejected an incendiary claim by Prime Minister Boris Johnson that the EU is plotting to destabilise the U.K., as another week of Brexit high drama beckoned ahead of a stormy parliamentary debate in London. A war of words escalated about a new British government Bill that London admits is in violation of its EU divorce treaty. Mr. Johnson’s contention that the European Union is plotting to choke off food supplies with destabilising new trade barriers between Britain and Northern Ireland is “simply not the case”, Irish Justice Minister Helen McEntee told Sky News.
6. Foreign Affairs – Turkey pulls back vessel from Mediterranean Sea – Turkey’s seismic research vessel Oruc Reis returned to waters near the southern province of Antalya, Refinitiv data showed, a move Greece said was a positive first step in easing tensions over offshore natural resources. NATO members Turkey and Greece have overlapping claims to continental shelves and rights to potential energy resources in the eastern Mediterranean. Tensions flared last month after Ankara sent Oruc Reis to map out possible oil and gas drilling prospects in waters claimed by Greece, Cyprus and Turkey. Turkey’s Navy had issued an advisory earlier this month saying that the Oruc Reis would continue operations in the area until Sept 12. Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis welcomed the move.
7. World – Trump claims Modi certificate of excellence on handling of Covid – Bragging about his packed rallies that have no social distancing or mask requirements and which health experts say could be coronavirus super-spreader events, US President Donald Trump on Saturday mocked Democrat rival Joe Biden for not holding such meetings, wondering if he’s even alive.
8. US Presidential Elections – Trump pushes into Nevada, questions integrity of election – President Donald Trump barreled into Nevada as part of a Western campaign swing, looking to expand his paths to victory while unleashing a torrent of unsubstantiated claims that Democrats are trying to steal the election. Trump defied local authorities by holding a rally Saturday night in tiny Minden, Nevada, after his initial plan to hold one in Reno was stopped out of concern it would have violated coronavirus health guidelines. Unleashing more than an hour of grievances and attacks, Trump claimed the state’s Democratic governor tried to block him and repeated his false claim that mail-in ballots will taint the election result.
9. Economy – Sebi, MFs to discuss multi-caps’ rejig – Markets regulator Sebi said it was open to discussions with the mutual fund (MF) industry for a smooth transition for multi-cap funds to rejig their portfolio so that these schemes “achieve the desired objective of true to label and appropriate benchmarking”. The market regulator’s clarification came on the back of its Friday order that said, by January 2021, all multi-cap funds should have at least 75% of its corpus in equities — up from 65% earlier — to be equally invested in large-, midand small-cap stocks. Sebi’s Friday directive had sent the fund industry into action as they were weighing various options to comply with the new rule.
10. Arts and Culture – Tamhane’s The Disciple wins best screenplay at Venice fest – Director Chaitanya Tamhane won the best screenplay award for his Marathi-language feature The Disciple at the Venice Film Festival that saw Chinese-American filmmaker Chloe Zhao bagging the top prize of the coveted Golden Lion for her drama Nomadland. The winners of the main competition were announced by the festival jury during the closing ceremony, held on Saturday and live-streamed globally. Headed by two-time Oscar winner Cate Blanchett, the jury also included directors Joanna Hogg, Christian Petzold and Veronika Franz, novelist Nicola Lagioia and actors Ludivine Sagnier and Matt Dillon. Mr. Tamhane, the wunderkind filmmaker of Indian cinema, became the first director from the country to compete in the main category of a European film festival after Mira Nair. Her film Monsoon Wedding won the the Golden Lion at the festival in 2001.

Important Exam Notifications
S. No.	Institution	Exam or Post Name	Vacancies or Seats	Qualification	Last Date to Apply	Link for Details
1	DMRC, Jodhpur	Field Worker, Technician III, Multi Tasking Staff	21	High School, 12th Class, DMLT, B.Sc	SEPT-21-2020	http://www.dmrcjodhpur.nic.in/Advt_11092020.pdf
2	CSIO	Project Associate -I, II, Sr Project Associate	6	Degree, PG, Ph.D	OCT-1-2020	https://www.csio.res.in/upload/RecruitmentNotice/Advertisement3-2020_ProjectStaff.pdf
3	PNRD, Assam	State Project Officer, District Coordinator, District GIS Expert	17	BE/ B.Tech, PG	OCT-1-2020	https://rural.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/oc_pnrd_uneecopscloud_com_oid_17/portlet/level_2/advt.no_drd-151302019201_advertisement_for_temporalcontractual_posts.pdf
4	Office of Dy Commissioner, Darrang	Orunodoi Sahayak	14	Any Degree	13-09-2020 – Walk in	http://darrang.nic.in/pdf-whatsnew/orunodoi.pdf
5	BRLPS	State Mission Manager, Mission Manager	73	Degree, PG Degree/ Diploma, CA	09-30-2020	http://jjhm.info/docs/Final-of-Recruitment.pdf
6	CSPGCL	Graduate Apprentice, Diploma Apprentice & ITI Trade Apprentice	30	Diploma/ Degree	30 Days	--
7	Anand Agricultural University	Senior Research Fellow, Research Fellow	5	B.Sc & M.Sc	SEP-21-2020	http://www.aau.in/sites/default/files/recruitment_notice_sept_2020.pdf

 

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• SECTION 2 - DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

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• 1. CONSTITUTION AND LAW (Prelims, GS Paper 2, Essay paper)

1.1 Virtual courts cheaper, faster: Parliamentary panel bats for ‘digital justice’

• Key points –

1. A parliamentary panel has recommended the continuation of virtual courts, which began in March due to the pandemic, saying “digital justice is cheaper and faster”.
2. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Law and Justice opined that the court was “more a service than a place”, and that advocates must “keep up with the changing times” as technology will “emerge as a game changer”. This was the first report to be presented by any parliamentary panel on the impacts of Covid-19.

• Highlights –

1. The parliamentary panel strongly pitched for virtual courts stating that digital justice is cheaper and faster besides addressing locational and economic handicaps; ensures safety of vulnerable witnesses providing testimony; expedites processes and procedures and are an improvement over traditional Courts as they are most affordable, citizen friendly and offers greater access to justice.
2. The committee also noted that “in coming times, technology will emerge as a game changer and advocates would be required to use technological skills in combination with their specialised legal knowledge and therefore, they should keep up with the changing times.”
3. In response to reservations raised by representatives of the Bar, the panel acknowledged that virtual courts had “shortcomings”, but said “they constituted advancement over the existing system”, and were “worth embracing”.
4. Lawyers had raised the limitations of infrastructure for virtual court proceedings — they claimed over 50 per cent of advocates didn’t have laptops or computers — and argued that it favoured “tech savvy advocates”.
5. They also said it deprived lawyers of the opportunity to alter the course of argument based on the “changing dynamics of a case during a hearing”.
6. The panel suggested that various Appellate Tribunals, like TDSAT, IPAB and NCLAT, move to a system of complete virtual proceedings as they do not require personal appearances of the parties or advocates.

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• 2. ECONOMY (Prelims, GS Paper 3, Essay paper

2.1 Weekly Round-up – Banking and Finance

• HDFC Ltd. sanctions Rs 47,000 cr home loans under CLSS - Housing finance company HDFC Ltd. on September 6, 2020 said it has sanctioned home loans of Rs 47,000 crores to over 2 lakh homebuyers under government's CLSS (Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme). CLSS was introduced in June 2015 under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) for home loans to customers from the EWS and LIG sections. It was extended to MIG from January 2017.
• As per the scheme, borrowers are eligible for interest subsidy of 6.5 per cent per annum for loans up to Rs 6 lakh for EWS and LIG category (annual household income up to Rs 6 lakh).
• The scheme provides for interest subsidy of 4 per cent for loan up to Rs 9 lakh for MIG 1 category (annual household income between Rs 6 lakh and Rs 12 lakh) and interest subsidy of 3 per cent for loans up to Rs 12 lakh for MIG 2 category (annual household income between Rs 12 lakh and Rs 18 lakh) for a maximum tenure of 20 years.
• The effective subsidy to customer is in the range of Rs 2.30-2.67 lakhs on a 20-year term, receivable upfront.
• The scheme for MIG categories has been extended till March 31, 2021, while it is valid up to March 31, 2022 for EWS/LIG category.
• Loan deferment: don’t declare accounts as NPAs till orders, SC tells banks - The Supreme Court on September 3, 2020 directed banks that loan accounts on the clear till the expiry of the moratorium on August 31 should not be declared as non-performing assets (NPAs) till further orders. The order was passed amidst apprehensions raised by borrowers on whether their loans would be declared NPAs on September 1, the very next day after the expiry of the moratorium. The court is examining the question whether compound interest (interest on interest) should be charged on loans deferred during the moratorium period.
• Finance Minister asks banks to roll out loan restructuring scheme by Sep 15 - Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on September 3, 2020 asked banks and NBFCs to roll out loan restructuring scheme for COVID-19 related stress by September 15, and provide adequate support to the borrowers following the lifting of moratorium on repayment of debts. The 6-month moratorium ended on August 31.
• Murali Ramakrishnan appointed as MD and CEO of South Indian Bank - Murali Ramakrishnan will take over as the new managing director & CEO of Kerala-based South Indian Bank. He retired from ICICI Bank in May 30, 2020.

2.2 India’s factory output contraction eases to 10.4% in July: IIP Data 

•  Key points –

1. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) contracted by 10.4% in July as compared to a contraction of 16.6% in June as the GDP witnessed a historic contraction of nearly 24 per cent in Q1FY21.
2. While the GDP witnessed a slowdown, the industrial activity is slowly picking up as the country enters Unlock 4.0 despite the surging coronavirus cases.

• ICRA’s assessment –

1. Rating agency ICRA had expected a single-digit contraction in the upcoming print for the Index of Industrial Production for July 2020.
2. While the improvement in the industry had gathered speed in July 2020, the momentum of the recovery in the services sector stalled that month.
3. Other indicators, GST e-way bills, rail freight, port cargo traffic, domestic airlines' passenger traffic, and the consumption of petrol and ATF, reported only a modest improvement in their YoY performance in July 2020, relative to June 2020.
4. Government expenditure, a key driver of economic activity in Q1FY21, reported a volatile trend in July 2020.
5. Revenue expenditure growth slipped from 40.1 per cent in June 2020 to 18.6 per cent in July 2020, while remaining substantial. However, capital expenditure contracted by 47.1 per cent in July 2020 after having more than doubled in June 2020.
6. Earlier, the IIP had contracted by 16.6 per cent in June compared to 33.8 per cent in May and a record 57.6 per cent slide in April.
7. After releasing only the index numbers for the IIP, the government had in August announced that the total data for June but cautioned that comparing the IIP in the pandemic months with those preceding Covid-19 would not be appropriate.
8. On traditional year-on-year, all the components of the IIP — mining, manufacturing, and electricity — saw contraction, albeit by a smaller magnitude, than in the previous month.
9. All but two of the 23 sub-sectors within manufacturing posted a year-on-year contraction.
10. Buoyed by drug exports and orders for sanitisers and protective gear, pharmaceutical production rang up a 34 per cent rise, hugely bettering its 2.45 per cent growth in the previous month.

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• 3. ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY (Prelims, GS Paper 3, Essay paper)

3.1 Environment Ministry rejects plea for exemption from forest penalty

• Key points –

1. The Union Ministry of Mines has requested an expert advisory committee of the Environment Ministry to exempt it from the SC-mandated fees that prospectors pay when they dig exploratory boreholes in forests.
2. The Net Present Value (NPV), as it is called, is a monetary approximation of the value that is lost when a piece of forest land has been razed. The SC mandates this must be paid by those who use forest land for non-forestry purposes and only limited exemptions are permitted.

• Highlights –

1. On August 18, officials from the Ministry of Mines requested that ‘prospecting and exploring’ in forests be exempted from ‘the purview of the Forest Conservation Act.’
2. They argued that all areas of exploration are not converted into mining. Only about 1% cases are converted to mining. Considering these, payment of NPV is regarded as an avoidable expenditure.
3. It was submitted that even payment of NPV at a rate of 2% or 5% is one of the major challenges which leads to delay in the exploration/ prospecting activities.
4. The Secretary of the Environment Ministry refused saying that it would be ‘inappropriate’ for his Ministry to grant such an exemption as this was mandated by the SC.

• On borehole basis –

1. The Forest Advisory Committee said that while it was not possible to do away with NPV it recommended that the Environment Ministry “may consider charging NPV on borehole basis instead of the present practice of charging 2 or 5% NPV of the total forest area in the lease area.”
2. For prospecting on a site, large boreholes are dug to determine the existence, location and quantity of metal.
3. In 2018, the Coal Ministry, the Mines Ministry and the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas had sought to be exempted from forest clearances for digging exploratory boreholes.
4. The FAC refused but agreed to simplify the procedure.
5. The NPV came into being after a committee led by Professor Kanchan Gupta, of the Institute of Economic Growth, developed it based on a mandate from the SC.

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• 4. FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Prelims, GS Paper 2, Essay paper)

4.1 Not Available Today

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• 5. GOVERNMENT SCHEMES (Prelims, GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3)

5.1 Not Available Today

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• 6. MISCELLANEOUS (Prelims, Various GS Papers)

6.1 Weekly Round-up – Accidents and Natural Disasters

• Fire on an Indian Oil-chartered supertanker New Diamond extinguished - A fire on an oil supertanker named New Diamond that was abandoned off Sri Lanka’s east coast has been extinguished. The tanker carrying about 2 million barrels of crude oil was chartered by Indian Oil and was going from Kuwait to Paradip, Odisha. It caught fire on September 3.
• Typhoon Maysak hits South Korea’s southern and eastern coasts - Typhoon Maysak ripped through South Korea’s southern and eastern coasts with tree-snapping winds and flooding rains on September 3, 2020, knocking out power to more than 270,000 homes and leaving at least one person dead.
• Hurricane Nana hits Honduras, moves towards Belize - Hurricane Nana barrelled westward on September 2, 2020 just off the coast of Honduras on a collision course with the Central American nation of Belize.
• Typhoon Haishen unleashes rain, strong winds in south Japan - The Japan Meteorological Agency said Typhoon Haishen, which means “sea god” in Chinese, was packing sustained winds of up to 180 kilometers per hour as it battered Okinawa and the southern Kyushu island of Amami Oshima on September 6, 2020.

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• 7. POLITY (Prelims, GS Paper 2)

7.1 Centre launches Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework along with ‘Streets for People Challenge’

• Key points –

1. Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Singh Puri has launched the Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework, CSCAF 2.0, along with the ‘Streets for People Challenge’ in a virtual event.
2. The objective of CSCAF is to provide a clear roadmap for cities towards combating Climate Change while planning and implementing their actions, including investments.
3. CSCAF initiative intends to inculcate a climate-sensitive approach to urban planning and development in India.

• Important details –

1. The Streets for People Challenge is the response to the need for making the cities more walkable and pedestrian friendly.
2. The Challenge builds on the advisory issued by the Ministry for the holistic planning for pedestrian-friendly market spaces, earlier this year.
3. The Challenge will support cities across the country to develop a unified vision of streets for people in consultation with stakeholders and citizens.
4. The assessment framework was developed after review of existing frameworks and assessment approaches adopted throughout the world followed by series of extensive consultative process with more than 26 organizations and 60 experts from different thematic areas.
5. The framework has 28 indicators across five categories namely; (i) Energy and Green Buildings, (ii) Urban Planning, Green Cover & Biodiversity, (iii) Mobility and Air Quality, (iv) Water Management and (v) Waste Management.
6. The Climate Centre for Cities under National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) is supporting MoHUA in implementation of CSCAF.

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• 8. SOCIAL ISSUES (Prelims, GS Paper 1, GS Paper 2)

8.1 DPIIT ranking: Gujarat again emerges as best state in providing startup ecosystem for building entrepreneurs

• Key points –

1. Gujarat has again emerged as the best performer in developing startup ecosystem for budding entrepreneurs. Gujarat was categorised as the best performer among all states and one union territory (UT) Delhi, barring north-eastern states and other UTs.
2. Among all the north-eastern states except Assam and all UTs barring Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands has emerged as the best performer.
3. A total of 22 states and 3 UTs participated in the exercise. The rankings are based on the initiatives taken to develop the startup ecosystem for promoting budding entrepreneurs.
4. For the purposes of ranking, states/UTs are classified into five categories: Best Performers, Top Performers, Leaders, Aspiring Leaders and Emerging Startup Ecosystems.
5. Top performers are: Karnataka and Kerala; Leaders are: Bihar, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Chandigarh; Aspiring Leaders: Haryana, Jharkhand, Punjab, Telangana, Uttarakhand and Nagaland; Emerging Startup Ecosystems are: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, MP, TN, UP, Mizoram and Sikkim.
6. In the last 2018 edition of the ranking, Gujarat emerged as the best performer in developing the startup ecosystem for budding entrepreneurs. Other top performers that followed the western state were Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha and Rajasthan.
7. The government had launched Startup India Action Plan in January 2016 to promote budding entrepreneurs in the country. The plan aims to give incentives such as tax holiday and inspector raj-free regime and capital gains tax exemption.
8. The rankings are based on the initiatives taken to develop the startup ecosystem for promoting budding entrepreneurs.

• The process –

1. To establish uniformity and ensure standardisation in the ranking process, states and UTs have been divided into two groups. While UTs except Delhi and all states in North East except Assam are placed in Category 'Y', all other states and UT of Delhi are in Category 'X'.
2. The states' startup ranking result 2019 was divided into two groups 'X' and 'Y'.
3. While the 'X' group has all the states and Delhi, barring north-eastern states and other UTs; group 'Y' has all north-eastern states except Assam and all UTs except Delhi.

• Officials’ views –

1. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said that it will help in further promoting the startup ecosystem by the Centre, states and UTs.
2. He also suggested startups to focus on three Ps - product, process, people - to focus on promoting Aatmnirbhar Bharat.
3. DPIIT Secretary Guruprasad Mohapatra said that over 36,000 startups are recognised by the department so far. All the states are taking steps to promote the growth of budding entrepreneurs, he said adding the startup ecosystem in the country has led to creation of over 4 lakh jobs.
4. The rankings are based on the initiatives taken to develop the startup ecosystem for promoting budding entrepreneurs.

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• 9. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Prelims, GS Paper 3)

9.1 Researchers find largest sample of giant radio galaxies in universe

• Key points –

• Researchers working on giant radio galaxies (GRG), which are large single structures in the universe, have found its largest sample to date.

• Highlights –

1. Until 2016, only about 300 GRGs were known since their discovery in 1974 and, from their work, researchers have found nearly 400 new GRGs; the total is about 820.
2. It is not clearly understood how some objects grow to such large scales and what is the fuel of their respective black holes.
3. Researcher and other authors have tried to understand how GRGs are different from normal-sized radio galaxies. They compared their properties like total mass of their black holes and found it to be the same.
4. Also, only 10 per cent GRGs are found in dense environments indicating that majority avoid dense surroundings.
5. This is the first time such a large catalogue of GRGs has been made. Using this catalogue, several properties of GRGs have been studied, which has increased understanding of such objects manifold.
6. Researchers have dedicated this work to the memory of Prof Govind Swarup, a visionary scientist and pioneering astronomer, who died on September 7.

• Important details –

1. The universe has billions of galaxies and almost all have supermassive black holes at the centre.
2. Some of these black holes are active and produce jets travelling almost at the speed of light. These jets are visible in radio light or at radio wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum.
3. Such galaxies, which have active black holes shooting high-speed jets, are called radio galaxies.
4. The total linear extent or size comprising jets is much larger than the galaxy as seen in optical light.
5. A fraction of radio galaxies, under special conditions, grow to giant scales or mega-parsec scales (millions of light years across, where one light year ~ 9.46 x 1,015 metres ) and are called giant radio galaxies (GRGs).
6. The length of jets is important to know how powerful and active the black hole is as well as about the environment density of these objects. Hence, it is essential to study GRGs.

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• 10. FACTS, CHARTS, RANKINGS and EDITORIALS (Prelims + GS Mains)

10.1 Chandigarh ranks 29th in case of doing business

10.2 Daily dose of  FIVE Facts -

• The archaeological site and remains at Sadikpur Sinauli in Uttar Pradesh have been declared to be of “national importance” by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
• The 17th ASEAN -India Economic Ministers Consultations was organised virtually in Aug 2020.
• TIFAC is an autonomous society under the Department of Science and Technology. It stands for Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational education to 50% by 2035.
• India and United Kingdom held the 14th Joint Economic and Trade Committee meeting in July 2020.

10.3 Today's best editorials to read

• We offer you 7 excellent editorials from across 10 newspapers we have scanned. 

CLICK HERE TO OPEN AND READ!

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• SECTION 3 - MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)

Solve the online quiz given, right now. Check scores, and relative performance!

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