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PT Static Repository (Facts, Numbers, Names, Dates)

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USEFUL INFORMATION LISTED BELOW

Open each tab as per the heading, and you'll find information on various static issues - names, dates, organisations, terms, places etc. Refer and make the most of it. All the best!

1. RBI GOVERNORS LIST AND DETAILS

Sir Osborne Smith - 01-04-1935 to 30-06-1937 - Sir Osborne Smith was the first Governor of the Reserve Bank. A professional banker, he served for over 20 years with the Bank of New South Wales and 10 years with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia before coming to India in 1926 as a Managing Governor of the Imperial Bank of India. His stewardship of the Imperial Bank won him recognition in banking circles in India. However, his outlook on policy issues like the exchange rates and interest rates was at variance with that of the Government. He resigned prior to the completion of his term of office of three and a half years. Sir Osborne, however, did not sign any bank notes during his tenure.

Sir James Taylor - 01-07-1937 to 17-02-1943 - Sir James Braid Taylor was a member of the Indian Civil Service and had served for over a decade in the Currency Department of the Government of India, initially as a Deputy Controller, later as Controller of the Currency, and thereafter as additional secretary in the Finance Department. He was closely associated with the preparation and piloting of the Reserve Bank of India Bill. He served as Deputy Governor of the Bank prior to his appointment as the Governor. His stewardship saw the Bank through the war years and the financial experiments it engendered and catalysed, including the decisive break away from a silver currency to fiat money. His second term came to an end with his sudden demise. Write a lovely testimonial for us now!

Sir C D Deshmukh - 11-08-1943 to 30-06-1949 - Shri Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh, a member of the Indian Civil Service, was the first Indian Governor of the Bank. His association with the Bank commenced in 1939, when he was appointed Government’s liason officer. He later served as Secretary and thereafter in 1941 as Deputy Governor of the Bank. On the demise of James Taylor, he took over stewardship of the Bank and was appointed Governor in August, 1943. During his tenure as Governor, he represented India at the Bretton Woods negotiations in 1944, saw the transition to Independence and the partition of the country and the division of the assets and liabilities of the Reserve Bank between India and Pakistan. He helped the smooth transition of the Bank from a shareholder’s institution to a State owned organisation, when the Bank was nationalised on 1st January 1949. He later held the office of Union Finance Minister between 1950-56.

Sir Benegal Rama Rau - 01-07-1949 to 14-01-1957 - Sir Benegal Rama Rau, a member of the Indian Civil Service, was the longest serving Governor of the Bank. Prior to joining the Bank he served as the Indian Ambassador to the United States. His tenure witnessed the commencement of the Planning Era as well innovative initiatives in the spheres of co-operative credit and industrial finance. The recommendations of the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee appointed during his tenure led to the transformation of the Imperial Bank of India to State Bank of India. The proportional reserve system of note issue was replaced by a minimum reserve system to give the Bank greater flexibility. He resigned in the middle of January 1957 before his second extended term of office expired due to differences with the Finance Minister.

K G Ambegaonkar - 14-01-1957 to 28-02-1957 - Mr K G Ambegaokar, a member of the Indian Civil Service, served as Finance Secretary prior to his appointment as Deputy Governor. On the resignation of B. Rama Rau, he was appointed as the interim Governor till H V R Iengar could take over. He forged closer connections between agricultural enterprise and the Reserve Bank’s operations. K G Ambegaonkar did not sign any bank notes.

H V R Iengar - 01-03-1957 to 28-02-1962 - Shri H V R Iengar, a member of the Indian Civil Service, served for a brief while as the Chairman of State Bank of India, before being appointed as the Governor of the Reserve Bank. His tenure witnessed India’s shift to decimal coinage from the earlier system. The period saw conscious efforts to consolidate the banking industry. The Bank acquired powers in September 1960 to enforce amalgamations and delicensing of banks. The Bank was also active in catalysing medium term lending to industry by commercial banks by invoking the concept of refinance which led to the establishment of the Refinance Corporation for Industry Ltd. Deposit Insurance for bank deposits was introduced in 1962 making India one of the earliest countries to experiment with Deposit Insurance. In the sphere of monetary policy, the variable cash reserve ratio was used for the first time as were the selective credit controls.

P C Bhattacharya - 01-03-1962 to 30-06-1967 - Mr P C Bhattacharya, a member of the Indian Audit and Account Service, served as Secretary in the Finance Ministry and later as Chairman of the State Bank of India prior to his appointment as Governor. His tenure saw the establishment of the Industrial Development Bank of India (1964), and the establishment of the Agricultural Refinance Corporation (1963) and the Unit Trust of India (1964). Other developments were the introduction of the Credit Authorisation Scheme as an instrument of Credit Regulation, the devaluation of the Rupee in 1966, with a package of measures including import liberalisation and elimination of export subsidies.

L K Jha - 01-07-1967 to 03-05-1970 - L K Jha, a member of the Indian Civil Service, served as Secretary to the Prime Minister, prior to his appointment as Governor. During his tenure,social controls over commercial banks were introduced as an experiment in 1968, as a part of which a National Credit Council was established. Shortly thereafter, 14 major commercial banks were nationalised in 1969, a step which did not have the endorsement of the Reserve Bank. Amongst other developments, gold controls were brought on a statutory basis; Deposit Insurance was in principle extended to Cooperative banks; the Lead Bank Scheme was introduced to facilitate credit delivery, and the setting up of the Agricultural Credit Board.L K Jha was appointed India’s Ambassador to the United States in May 1970 prior to the completion of his term as Governor.

B N Adarkar - 04-05-1970 to 15-06-1970 - Shri B N Adarkar held the post of Governor during the interregnum till S Jagannathan could take over as Governor. He was a professional economist and served for many years in the office of the Economic Adviser of the Government of India and also held important positions in the Ministry of Commerce & Industry prior to his appointment as the Deputy Governor of the Bank. He also served as India’s Executive Director at the IMF and as Deputy Governor, he played an active role in the establishment of the National Institute of Bank Management.

S Jagannathan - 16-06-1970 to 19-05-1975 - S Jagannathan was a member of the Indian Audit and Accounts Service. He had served with the Central Government and thereafter as India’s Executive Director at the World Bank, prior to being appointed as the Governor. His tenure of office was characterised by a very active monetary policy in the wake of unprecedented inflation in the country following the oil shock, an exponential expansion of banking offices in pursuance of one of the important objectives of nationalisation; the establishment of Credit Guarantee Corporation of India, the setting up of State Level Bankers’ Committees and the shift to floating rates regime. He relinquished office to take up the post of the Indian Executive Director at the IMF.

N C Sen Gupta - 19-05-1975 to 19-08-1975 - N C Sen Gupta was appointed Governor for three months till K R Puri could assume office. Prior to his appointment as the Governor, he was working as Secretary to the Department of Banking of the Ministry of Finance.

K R Puri - 20-08-1975 to 02-05-1977 - K R Puri served as the Chairman and Managing Director of the Life Insurance Corporation of India before his appointment as Governor. During his tenure, Regional Rural Banks were set up; the Asian Clearing Union commenced operations; the twenty point economic programme was announced and operationalised and a new money supply series introduced.

M Narasimham - 02-05-1977 to 30-11-1977 - Shri Narasimham was the first and so far the only Governor to be appointed from the Reserve Bank cadre, having joined the Bank as a Research Officer in the Economic Department. He later joined the Government and prior to his appointment as Governor he served as Additional Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs. He had a short tenure of seven months. He later served as Executive Director for India at the World Bank and thereafter at the IMF after which he served in the Ministry of Finance as Secretary. He was chairperson of the Committee on the Financial System, 1991 and the Committee of Banking Sector Reforms, 1998.

Dr. I G Patel - 01-12-1977 to 15-09-1982 - Dr. I G Patel an economist and administrator, joined the Reserve Bank as Governor after serving as Secretary in the Ministry of Finance and thereafter at the UNDP. His tenure witnessed the demonetisation of high denomination notes as well as the ‘gold auctions’ conducted by the Bank on behalf of Government of India. During his tenure six private sector banks were nationalised, targets for priority sector lending introduced, and the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporations were merged, and a Departmental reorganisation was undertaken in the Bank. He played an active role in availing of the IMF’s Extended Fund Facility in 1981 due to balance of payments difficulties. This represented the largest arrangement in IMF’s history at the time.

Dr. Manmohan Singh - 16-09-1982 to 14-01-1985 - Dr. Manmohan Singh, academic and administrator, had served as Secretary Finance as well as Member Secretary of the Planning Commission prior to his appointment as Governor. During his tenure comprehensive legal reforms were carried out related to the banking sector and a new chapter introduced in the Reserve Bank of India Act and the Urban Banks Department was set up. After his tenure in the Bank, he served in various capacities before being appointed Finance Minister. His tenure as Finance Minister was notable for the fact that he heralded in liberalisation and comprehensive reforms in India.

A Ghosh - 15-01-1985 to 04-02-1985 - A Ghosh was the Deputy Governor of the Bank since 1982 when he was appointed Governor for a brief period of 15 days till R N Malhotra could take over. He was earlier the chairman of Allahabad Bank prior to his appointment as the Deputy Governor of the Bank. He was also a Director of the Industrial Development Bank of India and the governing body of the National Institute of Bank Management.

R N Malhotra - 04-02-1985 to 22-12-1990 - Shri R.N. Malhotra, a member of the Indian Administrative Service, served as Secretary, Finance and Executive Director of the IMF. prior to his appointment as Governor. During his tenure efforts were made to develop the money markets and new instruments were introduced. The Discount and Finance House of India, the National Housing Bank were set up and the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research inaugurated. In the field of rural finance, the Service Area Approach was adopted as an approach catalyse the flow of credit through commercial banks.

S Venkitaramanan - 22-12-1990 to 21-12-1992 - Shri S Venkitaramanan, a member of the Indian Administrative Service, had served as Finance Secretary and adviser to the Government of Karnataka prior to his appointment as Governor. The country faced difficulties related to the external sector during his tenure. His adroit management saw the country tide over the balance of payments crisis. His term also saw India adopt the IMF’s stabilisation programme where the Rupee underwent a devaluation and the launch of the programme of economic reforms.

Dr.C Rangarajan - 22-12-1992 to 21-12-1997 - Dr. C Rangarajan was a professional economist. Prior to his appointment as the Governor, he held charge as Deputy Governor for over a decade. He was also a member of the Planning Commission and a member of the Tenth Finance Commission. His tenure as Governor saw unprecedented central bank activism to put in place a comprehensive set of measures to strengthen and improve the competitive efficiency of the financial sector. New institutions and instruments were introduced and changes in exchange rate management culminated in the establishment of a unified exchange rate. In the field of monetary policy, his tenure saw the historic memorandum signed between the Bank and the Government whereby a cap was put on the automatic finance by the Bank to the Government in the form of ad hoc treasury bills.

Dr. Bimal Jalan - 22-11-1997 to 06-09-2003 - Dr. Bimal Jalan, served as Chief Economic Advisor to Government of India, Banking Secretary, Finance Secretary, Member Secretary of Planning Commission, and Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister prior to being appointed as Governor. He had also represented India on the Executive Boards of the IMF and the World Bank. During his tenure, India weathered the Asian Crisis and has seen the consolidation of the gains of liberalisation and economic reforms. The monetary policy process was demystified and central bank communications marked a perceived shift towards transparency. This period has seen a slew of measures to strengthen the banking sector, establish new institutions and introduce new instruments. The period has been characterised by the strengthning of the balance of payments and forex position,low inflation and soft interest rates.

Dr. Y V Reddy - 06-09-2003 to 05-09-2008 - Dr. Y V Reddy was the twenty-first Governor, is a member of the Indian Administrative Service. He has spent most of his career in the areas of finance and planning. He served as Secretary (Banking) in Ministry of Finance, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Commerce, Joint Secretary in Ministry of Finance in Government of India, Principal Secretary, Government of Andhra Pradesh and had a a six year tenure as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. Prior to his appointment as the Governor, Dr. Reddy was India's Executive Director on the Board of the International Monetary Fund. Dr. Reddy has made significant policy contributions in the areas of financial sector reforms; trade finance; monitoring of balance of payments and exchange rate; external commercial borrowings; centre-state financial relations; regional planning; and public enterprise reform and has been closely associated with institution building. He has several publications to his credit mainly in areas relating to finance, planning and public enterprises.

Dr. D. Subbarao - 05-09-2008 to 04-09-2013 - Dr. D. Subbarao took over on September 5, 2008 as the 22nd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. Dr. Subbarao has been appointed for a three-year term. Prior to this appointment, Dr. Subbarao was the Finance Secretary in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. He has earlier been Secretary to the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (2005-2007), lead economist in the World Bank (1999-2004), Finance Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh (1993-98) and Joint Secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India (1988-1993). Dr. Subbarao has wide experience in public finance. In the World Bank, he worked on issues of public finance in countries of Africa and East Asia. He managed a flagship study on decentralisation across major countries of East Asia including China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines and Cambodia. Dr. Subbarao was also involved in initiation of fiscal reforms at the state level. Dr. Subbarao has written extensively on issues in public finance, decentralisation and political economy of reforms. Born on August 11, 1949, Dr. Subbarao holds a B.Sc (Hons) in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and M.Sc in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Dr. Subbarao also holds an MS degree in Economics from Ohio State University. He was a Humphrey fellow at MIT during 1982-83. He has a Ph.D. in Economics with thesis on fiscal reforms at the sub-national level. Dr. Subbarao was a topper in the All India Civil Service examination for entry into Indian Administrative Services and Indian Foreign Services in 1972. He was one of the first IITians to join the civil service.

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Dr. Raghuram Rajan - 04-09-2013 to 04-09-2016 - Dr. Raghuram Rajan assumed charge as the 23rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on September 4, 2013. Prior to this, he was the Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, Government of India and the Eric J. Gleacher Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago's Booth School. Between 2003 and 2006, Dr. Rajan was the Chief Economist and Director of Research at the International Monetary Fund. Dr. Rajan's research interests are in banking, corporate finance, and economic development, especially the role finance plays in it. He has co-authored Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists with Luigi Zingales in 2003. He then wrote Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy, for which he was awarded the Financial Times-Goldman Sachs prize for best business book in 2010. Dr. Rajan is a member of the Group of Thirty. He was the President of the American Finance Association in 2011 and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In January 2003, the American Finance Association awarded Dr. Rajan the inaugural Fischer Black Prize for the best finance researcher under the age of 40. The other awards he has received include the global Indian of the year award from NASSCOM in 2011, the Infosys prize for the Economic Sciences in 2012, and the Center for Financial Studies-Deutsche Bank Prize for financial economics in 2013. Born on February 3, 1963, Dr. Rajan is married to Radhika and has two children.

Dr. Urjit R. Patel - 04-09-2016 to date - Dr. Urjit R. Patel assumed charge as the twenty-fourth Governor of the Reserve Bank of India effective September 4, 2016 after serving as Deputy Governor since January 2013. He was re-appointed as Deputy Governor on January 11, 2016 after completion of his first three-year term of office. Among his assignments as Deputy Governor, Dr. Patel chaired the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework. Representing India, he actively participated in steering the signing into force of the inter-governmental treaty and the Inter-Central Bank Agreement (ICBA) among the BRICS nations, which led to the establishment of the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), a swap line framework among the central banks of these countries. Dr. Patel has also served at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). He was on deputation from the IMF to the Reserve Bank during 1996-1997, and in that capacity he provided advice on development of the debt market, banking sector reforms, pension fund reforms, and evolution of the foreign exchange market. He was a Consultant to the Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs), Government of India, from 1998 to 2001. He has also had other assignments in the public and private sectors. Dr. Patel has worked closely with several central and state government high level committees, including the Task Force on Direct Taxes (Kelkar Committee), the High Level Expert Group for Reviewing the Civil & Defence Services Pension System, the Prime Minister’s Task Force on Infrastructure, the Group of Ministers on Telecom Matters, the Committee on Civil Aviation Reforms and the Ministry of Power’s Expert Group on State Electricity Boards. Dr. Patel has several publications in the areas of Indian macroeconomics, monetary policy, public finance, the Indian financial sector, international trade, and regulatory economics. Dr. Patel has a Ph.D in economics from Yale University, an M. Phil from University of Oxford and a B. Sc. from the University of London.

All information sourced from RBI website here

2. ABBREVIATIONS - WORLD TRADE TERMS

ACP - African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

ASEAN - Association of South-East Asian Nations

AFTA - ASEAN Free Trade Area

BOP - Balance of Payments

CACM - Central American Common Market

CARICOM - Caribbean Common Market

CEMAC - Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa

C.I.F. - cost, insurance and freight

CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States

COMESA - Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

ECCAS - Economic Community of Central African States

ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States

EFTA - European Free Trade Association

EU - European Union (Write a lovely testimonial for us now!)

EUROSTAT - Statistical Office of the European Communities

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FATS - Foreign Affiliates Statistics

FDI - Foreign Direct Investment

F.O.B. - free on board

GCC - Gulf Co-operation Council

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

GNP - Gross National Product

HS - Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System

IEA - International Energy Agency

IMF - International Monetary Fund

GTIS - Global Trade Information Services Inc.

ISIC - International Standard Industrial Classification

LDCs - Least-developed countries

MERCOSUR - Southern Common Market

NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement

OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation

SADC - South African Development Community

SAPTA - South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement

SITC - Standard International Trade Classification (Write a few lines of Appreciation for us, here!)

UNECE - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNECLAC - United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNSD - United Nations Statistics Division

WAEMU - West African Economic and Monetary Union

3. ABBREVIATIONS - INDIAN ECONOMY

ADR - American Depository Receipt
AEs - Advanced Economies
AIFIs - All India Financial Institutions
AR - Autoregression
ARIMA - Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average
ARM - Additional Revenue Mobilisation
BE - Budget Estimates
BoJ - Bank of Japan
BSE - Bombay Stock Exchange
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bps - Basis Points (100 bps = 1 % point)
BVAR - Bayesian VAR
BVARX - Bayesian VARX
CASA - Current Account and Saving Account
CBLO - Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation
CDs - Certificates of Deposit
CGA - Controller General of Accounts
CGST - Central Goods and Services Tax
CI - Confidence Interval
CII - Confederation of Indian Industry
CLI - Composite Leading Indicator
CMBs - Cash Management Bills
CMIE - Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy
CPB - Central Planning Bureau
CPs - Commercial Papers
CPC - Central Pay Commission
CPI - Consumer Price Index
CPI-AL - Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers
CPI-IW - Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers
CPI-RL - Consumer Price Index for Rural Labourers
CRAR - Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio
CRR - Cash Reserve Ratio
CSO - Central Statistics Office
DGCI&S - Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics
DISCOMs - Distribution Companies
ECB - European Central Bank
ECBs - External Commercial Borrowings
ECM - Error Correction Model
EMDEs - Emerging Market and Developing Economies
EMEs - Emerging Market Economies
EU - European Union
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation
FBs - Foreign Banks
FCCB - Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FCNR - Foreign Currency Non-Resident
FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
FICCI - Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
FI - Financial Institution
FIMMDA - Fixed Income Money Markets and Derivatives Association
FIPB - Foreign Investment Promotion Board
FMCG - Fast Moving Consumer Goods
FOMC - Federal Open Market Committee
FPI - Foreign Portfolio Investment
FRBM - Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
FR - Fixed Rate
FY - Financial Year
GARCH - Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GDR - Global Depository Receipt
GFD - Gross Fiscal Deficit
GFCE - Government Final Consumption Expenditure
GFCF - Gross Fixed Capital Formation
GFC - Global Financial Crisis
GoI - Government of India
GMM - Generalised Method of Moments
GNDI - Gross National Disposable Income
GNPAs - Gross Non-Performing Assets
G-Secs - Government Securities
GSDP - Gross State Domestic Product
GST - Goods and Services Tax
GVC - Global Value Chain
GVA - Gross Value Added
H1 - First Half of the Year
H2 - Second Half of the Year
HRA - House Rent Allowance
ICRR - Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio
IGARCH - Integrated Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity
IGST - Integrated Goods and Services Tax
IIP - Index of Industrial Production
IOCL - Indian Oil Corporation Limited
IPO - Initial Public Offering
IMD - India Meteorological Department
IMF - International Monetary Fund
IND-AS - Indian Accounting Standard
INR - Indian Rupee
IRF - Impulse Response Function
ISM - Institute for Supply Management
JPC - Joint Plant Committee
LAF - Liquidity Adjustment Facility
LCR - Liquidity Coverage Ratio
LIC - Life Insurance Corporation of India
LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas
M3 - Broad Money
MA-SV - Moving Average Model with Stochastic Volatility
mb/d - Million Barrels Per Day
MCA - Ministry of Corporate Affairs
MCLR - Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending Rate
MGNREGA - Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MOCI - Ministry of Commerce and Industry
m-o-m - Month-on-Month
MPC - Monetary Policy Committee
MPR - Monetary Policy Report
MSP - Minimum Support Price
MSCI - Morgan Stanley Capital International
MSMEs - Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MSS - Market Stabilisation Scheme
MVK - Multivariate Kalman Filter
NABARD - National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NBFCs - Non-Banking Financial Companies
NBFCs-D - Deposit-taking NBFCs
NBFCs-ND-SI - Systemically Important Non-deposit Taking NBFCs
NCAER - National Council of Applied Economic Research
NDTL - Net Demand and Time Liabilities
NDS-CALL- Negotiated Dealing System-Call
NEER - Nominal Effective Exchange Rate
NFC - Non-Food Credit
NIM - Net Interest Margin
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Non-IT - Non-Information Technology
NPA - Non-performing Assets (bad loans)
NSDL - National Securities Depository Limited
OECD - Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OMOs - Open Market Operations
OPEC - Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
OROP - One Rank One Pension
PADO - Public Administration, Defence and Other Services
PCE - Partial Credit Enhancement
PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditure
PC - Phillips Curve
PFCE - Private Final Consumption Expenditure
PMI - Purchasing Managers’ Index
POL - Petroleum, Oil and Lubricant
PPAC - Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell
PSBs - Public Sector Banks (Government banks)
PVBs - Private Sector Banks
q-o-q - Quarter-on-Quarter (m-o-m : month-on-month)
RBI - Reserve Bank of India
RE - Revised Estimates
REER - Real Effective Exchange Rate
RHS - Right Hand Side
RMSEs - Root Mean Square Errors
RRBs - Regional Rural Banks
RW - Random Walk
SAAR - Seasonally Adjusted Annualised Rate
SAE - Second Advance Estimates
SBNs - Specified Bank Notes
SCBs - Scheduled Commercial Banks
SDLs - State Development Loans
SEBI - Securities and Exchange Board of India
SLR - Statutory Liquidity Ratio
SUT - Supply and Use Table
T-Bill - Treasury Bill
TRAI - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
TVW - Time Varying Weights
TV-GDW - Time Varying Geometrically Backward Decaying Weights
UDAY - Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana
USD - US Dollar
VAR - Vector Autoregression
VR - Variable Rate
VARX - Vector Autoregression Model with One Exogenous Variable
WACR - Weighted Average Call Money Rate
WALR - Weighted Average Lending Rate
WADTDR - Weighted Average Domestic Term Deposit Rate
WAR - Weighted Average Rate
WPI - Wholesale Price Index
WTI - West Texas Intermediate
WTO - World Trade Organisation
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y-o-y - Year-on-Year

4. ABBREVIATIONS - BANKING AND FINANCE

AA - Account Aggregator
ACU - Asian Clearing Union
AD - Authorised Dealer
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ADF - Automated Data Flow
ADR - American Depository Receipts
AIFIs - All-India Financial Institutions
AMRMS - Audit Management and Risk Monitoring System
ANBC - Adjusted Net Bank Credit
AQR - Asset Quality Review
ARCs - Asset Reconstruction Companies
ARMS - Audit and Risk Management Sub-Committee
ATBs - Auction Treasury Bills
ATMs - Automated Teller Machines
B2B - Business-to-Business
B2C - Business-to-Consumer
BAs - Business Areas
BBB - Banks Board Bureau
BBPCU - Bharat Bill Payment Central Unit
BBPOU - Bharat Bill Payment Operating Unit
BBPS - Bharat Bill Payment System
BC - Business Correspondent
BCBS - Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BCM - Business Continuity Management
BCP - Business Continuity Plans
BCSBI - Banking Codes and Standards Board of India
BE - Budget Estimates
BFS - Board for Financial Supervision
BIA - Business Impact Analysis
BIS - Bank for International Settlements
BO - Banking Ombudsman
BoJ - Bank of Japan
BoP - Balance of Payment
BPO - Business Process Outsourcing
BPR - Business Process Reengineering bps - Basis Points
BPSS - Board for Payment and Settlement System
BRBNMPL - Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited
BRICS - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
BSBDA - Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account
BSC - Building Sub-Committee
CAB - College of Agricultural Banking
CAD - Current Account Deficit
CAFRAL - Centre for Advanced Financial Research and Learning
CAP - Corrective Action Plan
CBLO - Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation
CBRMC - Central Bank Risk Managers’ Conference
CBs - Central Banks
CBS - Core Banking Solution
CCB - Committee of the Central Board
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CCC - Cash Coordination Committee
CCIL - Clearing Corporation of India Limited
CCP - Central Counter Party
CCR - Counterparty Credit Risk
CCSO - Chief Customer Service Offi cer
CCTV - Closed Circuit Television vii
CD - Certificate of Deposit
CDES - Currency Distribution & Exchange Scheme
CDS - Credit Default Swaps
CEPD - Consumer Education and Protection Department
CERT-In - Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
CGFS - Committee on the Global Financial System
CGM - Chief General Manager
CGTMSE - Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
CIC - Currency in Circulation
CKYCR - Central Know Your Customer Registry
CLSS - Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme
CMA - Currency Management Architecture
CODs - Central Offi ce Departments
CoR - Certifi cate of Registration
CPC - Central Pay Commission
CPC - Cheque Processing Centre
CPI - Consumer Price Index
CPI-AL - Consumer Price Index-Agricultural Labourers
CPI-C - Consumer Price Index-Combined
CPI-IW - Consumer Price Index-Industrial Workers
CPI-RL - Consumer Price Index-Rural Labourers
CPMI - Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure
CPs - Commercial Papers
CRA - Contingent Reserve Arrangement
CRILC - Central Repository of Information on Large Credits
CRR - Cash Reserve Ratio
CSBD - Corporate Strategy and Budget Management
CSF - Consolidated Sinking Fund
CSO - Central Statistics Office
CTS - Cheque Truncation System
DBR - Department of Banking Regulation
DBS - Department of Banking Supervision
DCBR - Department of Co-operative Bank Regulation
DCBS - Department of Co-operative Bank Supervision
DCCBs - District Central Co-operative Banks
DCS - Department of Corporate Services
DEIO - Department of External Investmests and Operations
DEPR - Department of Economic and Policy Research
DGBA - Department of Government and Bank Accounts
DICGC - Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation
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DIF - Deposit Insurance Fund
DISCOM - Distribution Company
DIT - Department of Information Technology
DNBS - Department of Non-Banking Supervision
DP - Discussion Paper
DPSS - Department of Payment and Settlement Systems
DRATs - Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunals
DRG - Development Research Group
DRTs - Debt Recovery Tribunals
DSIM - Department of Statistics and Information Management
e-baat - Electronic Banking Awareness and Training
ECB - European Central Bank
ECBs - External Commercial Borrowings
ECL - Expected Credit Loss
ECS - Electronic Clearing Service
EDMS - Electronic Document Management System
EDPMS - Export Data Processing and Monitoring System
EEFC - Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency
EMEs - Emerging Market Economies
EMV - Europay, Mastercard and Visa
ERM - Enterprise-wide Risk Management
ESOP - Employee Stock Option|
ETCD - Exchange Traded Currency Derivatives
EV - Enterprise Vault
EWS - Early Warning System
EXIM Bank - Export Import Bank of India
FBIL - Financial Benchmark India Private Limited
FCA - Foreign Currency Assets
FCCB - Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FC-GPR - Foreign Currency Gross Provisional Return
FCNR(B) - Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Bank) Account
FCs - Financial Conglomerates
FC-TRS - Foreign Currency Transfer of Shares
FCY - Foreign Currency
FCY-INR - Foreign Currency-Indian Rupee
FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
FED - Foreign Exchange Department
FEMA - Foreign Exchange Management Act
FER - Foreign Exchange Reserves
FETERS - Foreign Exchange Transactions Electronic Reporting System
FFMC - Full Fledged Money Changers
FIAC - Financial Inclusion Advisory Committee
FIDD - Financial Inclusion Development Department
FIF - Financial Inclusion Fund
FII - Foreign Institutional Investor
FIMMDA - Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India
FinTech - Financial Technology
FIP - Financial Inclusion Plan
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FIRM - Food Infl ation Research and Measurement
FIT - Flexible Infl ation Targeting
FITF - Financial Inclusion Technology Fund
FLCs - Financial Literacy Centers
FMIs - Financial Market Infrastructures
FMOD - Financial Markets Operations Department
FMRD - Financial Markets Regulation Department
FOMC - Federal Open Market Committee
FPI - Foreign Portfolio Investment
FSAP - Financial Sector Assessment Programme
FSB - Financial Stability Board
FSDC - Financial Stability and Development Council
FSDC-SC - Financial Stability and Development Council Sub committee
FSR - Financial Stability Report
FSU - Financial Stability Unit
FWG - Framework Working Group
GCC - General Credit Card
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GDR - Global Depository Receipts
GFCE - Government Final Consumption Expenditure
GFCF - Gross Fixed Capital Formation
GFD - Gross Fiscal Defi cit
GFSG - Green Finance Study Group
GNDI - Gross National Disposable Income
GoI - Government of India
GRF - Guarantee Redemption Funds
G-secs - Government Securities
GSIBs - Global Systemically Important Banks
GST - Goods and Services Tax
GSTN - Goods and Services Tax Network
GVA - Gross Value Added
HFCs - Housing Finance Companies
HPC - High Powered Committee on UCBs
HQLA - High Quality Liquid Assets
HRMD - Human Resource Management Department
HRM-SC - Human Resource Management Sub-Committee
HTM - Held-to-Maturity
IADI - International Association of Deposit Insurers
IASS - Integrated Accounting Software Solution
IBA - Indian Banks’ Association
IBS - International Banking Statistics
ICD - Institute for Capacity Development
ICSDs - International Central Securities Depositories
ICT - Information & Communication Technology
IDBI - Industrial Development Bank of India
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IDPMS - Import Data Processing and Monitoring System
IDRBT - Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology
IFC - International Finance Corporation
IFCs - Infrastructure Finance Companies
IFI - International Financial Institution
IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards
IFTAS - Indian Financial Technology and Allied Services
IGIDR - Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
IIBM - International Instit ute of Business Management
IIP - Index of Industrial Production
IMF - International Monetary Fund
IMPS - Immediate Payment Service
Ind AS - Indian Accounting Standards
INR - Indian Rupee
IORWG - International Operational Risk Working Group
IOSCO - International Organisation of Securities Commission
IPOs - Initial Public Offerings
IRDA - Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
IRF - Inter-Regulatory Forum
IRS - Interest Rate Swaps
IRTG - Inter-Regulatory Technical Group
IS - Information Security
ISI - Indian Statistical Institute
ISO - International Standardisation Organisation
ISOC - Information Security Operations Centre
ISPB - Index of Service Production for Banking Sector
IT - Information Technology
ITBs - Intermediate Treasury Bills
IT-SC - Information Technology Sub-Committee
JLF - Joint Lenders’ Forum
KCC - Kisan Credit Card
kWp - Kilowatt Peak
KYC - Know Your Customer
LABs - Local Area Banks
LAF - Liquidity Adjustment Facility
LCR - Liquidity Coverage Ratio
LEF - Large Exposures Framework
LEI - Legal Entity Identifier
LLP - Limited Liability Partnership
LMS - Litigation Management System
LPA - Long Period Average
LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas
MAT - Minimum Alternate Tax
MCA - Ministry of Corporate Affairs
MCCs - Mega Currency Chests
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MCLR - Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending Rate
MDR - Merchant Discount Rates
MEP - Minimum Export Price
MFI - Multilateral Financial Institution
MIBOR - Mumbai Inter-bank Offer Rate
MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MIS - Management Information System
MIU - Market Intelligence Unit
MMS - Mail Messaging System
MGNREGA - Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MoP - Ministry of Power
MoU - Memorandum of Understanding
MPC - Monetary Policy Committee
MPD - Monetary Policy Department
MPFA - Monetary Policy Framework Agreement
MPR - Monetary Policy Report
MSCI - Morgan Stanley Capital International
MSEs - Micro and Small Enterprises
MSF - Marginal Standing Facility
MSMEs - Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MSPs - Minimum Support Prices
MTDS - Medium-Term Debt Management Strategy
MTF - Medium-Term Framework
MTS - Mass Transit System
MTSS - Money Transfer Service Scheme
NABARD - National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NACH - National Automated Clearing House
NAMCABS - National Mission for Capacity Building of Bankers for Financing
MSME Sector
NBFC - Non-Banking Financial Company
NBFC-AA - NBFC- Account Aggregator
NDA - Net Domestic Assets
NDS-OM - Negotiated Dealing System-Order Matching
NDTL - Net Demand and Time Liabilities
NEFT - National Electronic Funds Transfer
NFA - Net Foreign Assets
NFC - Non Food Credit
NFS - National Financial Switch
NGOs - Non-Government Organisations
NHB - National Housing Bank
NIBM - National Institute of Bank Management
NOF - Net Owned Funds
NOFHC - Non-Operative Financial Holding Company
NPA - Non-Performing Asset
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NPCI - National Payments Corporation of India
NPI - Non-Performing Investment
NPLL - Normally Permitted Lending Limit
NPS - National Pension System
NRIs - Non-Resident Indians
NRLM - National Rural Livelihood Mission
NRO - Non-Resident Ordinary Rupee
NSEL - National Spot Exchange Limited
NSFR - Net Stable Funding Ratio
OBE - Off Balance Sheet Exposures
OBO - Offi ce of Banking Ombudsman
OD - Overdraft Facility
O-in-Charge - Offi cer-in-Charge
OMO - Open Market Operations
ORM - Operational Risk Management
OROP - One Rank One Pension
OSMOS - Off-Site Monitoring and Surveillance System
OTC - Over the Counter
P2P - Peer-to-Peer
PACS - Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies
PDMA - Public Debt Management Agency
PDs - Primary Dealers
PFCE - Private Final Consumption Expenditure
PFMIs - Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures
PIOs - Person of Indian Origin
PMG - Project Monitoring Group
PMI - Purchasing Managers Index
PMJDY - Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana
POL - Petroleum, Oil and Lubricant
PoP - Point of Presence
PoS - Point of Sale
PPIs - Prepaid Payment Instruments
PSBs - Public Sector Banks
PSLCs - Priority Sector Lending Certificates
PSOs - Payment System Operators
PSS - Payment and Settlement Systems Act
PSU - Public Sector Unit/Undertaking
QCCP - Qualifi ed Central Counterparty
QIB - Qualifi ed Institutional Buyer
QPM - Quarterly Projection Model
RAF - Risk Appetitie Framework
RBI - Reserve Bank of India
RBIA - Risk-Based Internal Audit
RBIQ - Reserve Bank of India Quiz
RBS - Risk-Based Supervision
RBSC - Reserve Bank Staff College
RD - Revenue Deficit
RDDBFI - Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions
RDs - Regional Directors
RE - Revised Estimate
ReBIT - Reserve Bank Information Technology Private Limited
REER - Real Effective Exchange Rate
RFP - Request For Proposal
RGG - Returns Governance Group
RGS - Risk Governance Structure
RHF - Rural Housing Fund
RIDF - Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RM - Reserve Money
RMD - Risk Monitoring Department
RO - Regional Office
RoA - Return on Assets
RRBs - Regional Rural Banks
RRs - Risk Registers
RTGS - Real Time Gross Settlement System
RTI - Right to Information Act
RTL - Risk Tolerance Limit
RTS - Risk Tolerance Statement
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SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SARFAESI - Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
SBAs - Small Borrowal Accounts
SBI - State Bank of India
SCB - Scheduled Commercial Banks
SDDS - Special Data Dissemination Standards
SDL - State Development Loans
SDR - Strategic Debt Restructuring
SEACEN - South East Asian Central Banks
SEBI - Securities and Exchanges Board of India
SFBs - Small Finance Banks
SFDB - SAARCFINANCE database
SFMS - Structured Financial Messaging System
SFS - State Finance Secretaries
SG - State Government
SGB - Sovereign Gold Bond
SHGs - Self-Help Groups
SIDBI - Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIDSPL - SWIFT India Domestic Services Private Limited
SIFMIs - Systemically Important Financial Market Infrastructures
SLBCs - State Level Bankers’ Committees
SLR - Statutory Liquidity Ratio
SME - Small and Medium Enterprises
SNRR - Special Non- Resident Rupee
SPARC - Supervisory Programme for Assessment of Risk and Capital
SPMCIL - Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
SRs - Security Receipts
StCBs - State Co-operative Banks
STOs - State Treasury Offices
STP - Straight-Through Processing
STRIPS - Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities
SWIFT - Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
SWIPS - System-Wide Important Payment Systems
TAC - Technical Advisory Committee
TAG - Technical Advisory Group
T-Bills - Treasury Bills
TDS - Tax Deduction at Source
TE - Training Establishment
TLAC - Total Loss Absorption Capacity
TReDS - Trade Receivable and Discounting System
TV - Television
UAE - United Arab Emirates
UCBs - Urban Co-operative Banks
UDAY - Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana
UHF - Urban Housing Fund
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UN-ESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
VAPT - Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing
VaR - Value at Risk
VECM - Vector Error Correction Model
VOFs - Visiting Officers Flat
WACR - Weighted Average Call Rate
WALR - Weighted Average Lending Rate
WI - When Issued
WLAs - White Label ATMs
WMA - Ways and Means Advances
WP - Working Paper
WPI - Wholesale Price Index
XBRL - eXtensible Business Reporting Language
y-o-y - Year-on-Year

5. TIMELINE OF AADHAR

2006 : The ministry of communications and information technology approves the ‘Unique ID for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families’ project under the chairmanship of Arvind Virmani, then principal advisor, Planning Commission
2008 : Empowered group of ministers formed by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh decides to collate two schemes — the National Population Register under the Citizenship Act, 1955 and the UID project — to conceive Aadhaar.
2009 : Planning Commission issues a notification to constitute the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).Government appoints Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani as the first chairman of UIDAI, with the rank and status of a cabinet minister.
2012 : Former Karnataka high court judge justice K Puttaswamy files a public interest litigation before the Supreme Court (SC) declaring that Aadhaar violates an individual’s right to privacy and that the scheme lacks legislative backing.
2014 : In an interim order, the SC restrains the UIDAI from transferring biometric information with an Aadhaar number to any other agency without the individual’s consent in writing.
2015 : Three-judge bench of the apex court rules the unique identity number is not mandatory to avail of benefits from government programmes, restricting the use of Aadhaar to beneficiaries of the public distribution system and subsidies on cooking gas and kerosene, and refers the question on privacy to a larger constitution bench. Centre moves SC seeking a review and modification of the August 11 interim order. A five-judge constitution bench modifies the same and extends the use of Aadhaar to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, Jan Dhan Yojana, pensions and the Employees’ Provident Fund scheme.
2016 : Finance minister Arun Jaitley announces in the budget speech that the government will offer statutory backing for Aadhaar. The Lok Sabha passes the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Bill, 2016 as a Money Bill, rejecting Rajya Sabha recommendations.
2017 : Aadhaar is made mandatory for three dozen schemes with 84 more expected under direct benefit transfers, including midday meal scheme and universal education. SC again rules that Aadhaar cannot be made mandatory for welfare schemes.

5. AADHAR D-B-T FAQs

How to update my Aadhaar in ration card? We recommend that you submit a photocopy of your Aadhaar with a copy of ration card to your PDS shop. They may ask you to place a finger on a sensor to authenticate to check that you and your Aadhaar number are matched.
Name different in Aadhaar vis-à-vis service delivery database? Based on which document needs name correction, such document should be corrected. In case the name correction is to be done in Aadhaar, then you can visit the nearest permanent enrolment center to update your name, age, address, mobile number and other demographic details (list available at www.uidai.gov.in). Based on update needs documentary proof you will be needed to bring proof for identity and correspondence address.
My fingers do not work, when asked to place them on finger print device? You can visit the nearest permanent enrolment center to update your biometrics (list available at www.uidai.gov.in). We suggest that you carry proofs for identity and correspondence address. Also, we strongly recommend that you give mobile number, this will help you get confirmation message as when your records are updated.
Have multiple accounts, where will I receive the money? Please give your copy of Aadhaar letter with your bank account number written on it or copy of your bank passbook. The bank may require you to fill a form as well. Updating your mobile number in bank is also advisable. This will send out SMS alerts when you get DBT in account or you transact on your account. Please note that the bank account which has been seeded last with the Aadhaar number will be the one to receive money through DBT.
Do I need Aadhaar to get my DBT? Most of the schemes are seeking Aadhaar number to identify the beneficiaries to remove fakes and duplicates from their database. It is strongly recommended that you give them Aadhaar to assist them and yourself to get the benefits. If you do not have Aadhaar, you can always present your Enrolment ID No. (EID), or submit the request with service delivery database owner to get Enroled for Aadhaar with the stated ID documents. This will allow you to continue getting the benefits, subsidy or services without any restrictions.
How do I change my account where to receive DBT funds? Please give your copy of Aadhaar letter with your bank account number written on it or copy of your bank passbook to the bank where you want to receive the funds. The bank may require you to fill a form as well. Updating your mobile number in bank is also advisable. This will send out SMS alerts when you get DBT in account or you transact on your account.
How would I know that DBT funds have come to my account? We recommend that you update your mobile number in bank. The Bank will send out SMS alerts when you get DBT in account or you transact on your account. Alternatively, you can also check your account balance using ATM, microATM/ Bank Mitra, internet banking or calling the bank for details of your transactions.
What all can I do using a Bank mitra, who visits my village? Bank Mitra carries a handheld device, which can allow you multiple type of banking transactions on your Aadhaar linked Bank account. Transactions possible are Balance, Enquiry, Cash Deposit, Cash Withdrawal, Paying Bills, Remitting funds to other Aadhaar holder.
How does Aadhaar base DBT help me as a beneficiary? Aadhaar seeding your scheme ensures that nobody else can claim your share of the benefits by impersonating you as a person. Also, in case of cash transfers, the money reaches directly to you Aadhaar linked bank account. You do not have to pursue different people to get the funds, besides you can decide which bank account you want to take money in. But all benefits go to your latest Aadhaar linked bank account. You cannot decide that one will go to one bank account and another one to the other bank account.
Why are Government schemes asking for Aadhaar? It helps schemes to clean out duplicates and fakes, to provide accurate data and enable implementation of direct benefit programs. This overall reduces the costs of identifying person and provides surplus benefits to others who need these benefits.

6. LIST OF ALL CHIEF JUSTICES OF INDIAN SUPREME COURT

1. H. J. Kania - 26 January 1950 to 6 November 1951 (649 days), Bombay High Court

2. M. Patanjali Sastri - 7 November 1951to 3 January 1954 (788 days), Madras High Court

3. Mehr Chand Mahajan - 4 January 1954to 22 December 1954 (352 days), East Punjab High Court

4. Bijan Kumar Mukherjea - 23 December 1954 to 31 January 1956 (404 days), Calcutta High Court

5. Sudhi Ranjan Das, 1 February 1956to 30 September 1959 (1337 days), Calcutta High Court

6. Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha, 1 October 1959 to 31 January 1964 (1583 days), Patna High Court
7. Prahlad Balacharya Gajendragadkar, 1 February 1964 to 15 March 1966 (773 days), Bombay High Court

8. Amal Kumar Sarkar, 16 March 1966 to 29 June 1966 (105 days), Calcutta High Court

9. Koka Subba Rao, 30 June 1966 to 11 April 1967 (285 days), Madras High Court

10. Kailas Nath Wanchoo, 12 April 1967 to 24 February 1968 (318 days), Allahabad High Court

11. Mohammad Hidayatullah, 25 February 1968 to 16 December 1970 (1025 days), Bombay High Court Zakir Hussain

12. Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah, 17 December 1970 to 21 January 1971 (35 days), Bombay High Court

13. Sarv Mittra Sikri, 22 Jan 1971 to 25 April 1973 (824 days) Lahore High Court

14. Ajit Nath Ray, 26 April 1973 to 27 January 1977 (1372 days) Calcutta High Court

15. Mirza Hameedullah Beg, 28 January 1977 to 21 February 1978 (389 days) Allahabad High Court

16. Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud, 22 February 1978 to 11 July 1985 (2696 days) Bombay High Court

17. Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati, 12 July 1985 to 20 December 1986 (526 days) Gujarat High Court

18. Raghunandan Swarup Pathak, 21 December 1986 to 18 June 1989‡(940 days) Allahabad High Court

19. Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah, 19 June 1989 to 17 December 1989 (181 days) Karnataka High Court

20. Sabyasachi Mukharji, 18 December 1989 to 25 September 1990 (281 days) Calcutta High Court

21. Ranganath Misra, 26 September 1990 to 24 November 1991 (424 days) Orissa High Court

22. Kamal Narain Singh, 25 November 1991 to 12 December 1991 (17 days) Allahabad High Court

23. Madhukar Hiralal Kania, 13 December 1991 to 17 November 1992 (340 days) Bombay High Court

24. Lalit Mohan Sharma, 18 November 1992 to 11 February 1993 (85 days) Patna High Court

25. Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah, 12 February 1993 to 24 October 1994 (619 days) Karnataka High Court

26. Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi, 25 October 1994 to 24 March 1997 (881 days) Gujarat High Court

27. Jagdish Sharan Verma, 25 March 1997 to 17 January 1998 (298 days) Madhya Pradesh High Court

28. Madan Mohan Punchhi, 18 January 1998 to 9 October 1998 (264 days) Punjab and Haryana High Court

29. Adarsh Sein Anand, 10 October 1998 to 11 January 2001 (824 days) Jammu and Kashmir High Court

30. Sam Piroj Bharucha, 11 January 2001 to 6 May 2002 (480 days) Bombay High Court

31. Bhupinder Nath Kirpal, 6 May 2002 to 8 November 2002 (186 days) Delhi High Court

32. Gopal Ballav Pattanaik, 8 November 2002 to 19 December 2002 (41 dasy) Orissa High Court

33. V. N. Khare, 19 Dec 2002 to 2 May 2004 (500 days) Allahabad High Court

34. S. Rajendra Babu, 2 May 2004 to 1 June 2004 (30 days) Karnataka High Court

35. Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, 1 June 2004 to 1 November 2005 (518 days) Madhya Pradesh High Court

36. Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, 1 November 2005 to 13 January 2007 (438 days) Delhi High Court

37. K. G. Balakrishnan, 13 January 2007 to 11 May 2010 (1214 days) Kerala High Court

38. S. H. Kapadia, 12 May 2010 to 28 Sep 2012 (870 days) Bombay High Court

39. Altamas Kabir, 29 September 2012 to 18 July 2013 (292 days) Calcutta High Court

40. P. Sathasivam, 19 July 2013 to 26 April 2014 (281 days) Madras High Court

41. Rajendra Mal Lodha, 27 April 2014 to 27 September 2014 (153 days) Rajasthan High Court

42. H. L. Dattu, 28 September 2014 to 2 December 2015 (430 days) Karnataka High Court

43. T. S. Thakur, 3 December 2015 to 3 January 2017 (397 days) Jammu and Kashmir High Court

44. Jagdish Singh Khehar, 4 January 2017 - 27 August (236 days) Punjab and Haryana High Court

45. Dipak Mishra, 28 August 2017 - 02 October 2018 Odisha High Court

46. Ranjan Gogoi, 03 October 2018 - (... incumbent ...)Gauhati High Court

Read detailed profiles of SC judges here
7. TERMINOLOGIES USED - ECONOMIC SURVEY PART II - AUGUST 2017

AAS Agrometeorological Advisory ServicesAAY Antyodaya Anna Yojana
ABP Area Based Projects
AE Advance Estimates
AEPS Aadhar Enabled Payment System
AFB Adaptation Fund Board
AIDIS All India Debt and Investment Survey
APL Above Poverty Line
APMC AgriculturalProduce Marketing Committee
APY Atal Pension Yojana
ARM Additional Resource Mobilization
ARPU Average Revenue per User
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
ASER Annual Status of Education Report
ASI Annual Survey of Industries
AUM Asset Under Management
BC Benefit Cost
BCD Basic Custom Duty
BCM Billion Cubic Meter
BE Budget Estimates
BHIM Bharat Interface for Money
BPL Below Poverty Line
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
BSBD Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account
BUR Biennial Update Report
BVS Biodegradable Vascular Scaffolds
CAA&A Controller of Aid Accounts and Audit
CACP Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
CAD Coronary Artery Disease
CBDR-RC Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities
CBR Crude Birth Rate
CDR Crude Death Rate
CECA Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement
CFPI Consumer Food Price Index
CGA Controller General of Accounts
CGST Central Goods and Services Tax
CHE Current Health Expenditure
CIC Currency in circulation
CIN Corporate Identity Number
CIP Central Issue Price
CIPHET Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology
CKM Circuit Kilometer
COP 21 21st Conference of Parties
CPI (AL) Consumer Price Index (Agricultural Labourers)
CPI (C) Consumer Price Index (Combined)
CPI (IW) Consumer Price Index (Industrial Workers)
CPI (RL) Consumer Price Index (Rural Labourers)
CPI TC Consumer Price Index True Core
CPI Consumer Price Index
CPSE Central Public Sector Enterprises
CRAR Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio
CSO Central Statistical Office
CV Coefficient of Variation
CVDs Cardiovascular Diseases
CWP Currency with Public
DAC&FW Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare
DAE Direct Access Entity
DAY-NRLM DeendayalAntyodayaYojana -National Rural Livelihoods Mission
DAY-NULM DeendayalAntyodayaYojana -National Urban Livelihoods Mission
DBT Direct Benefit Transfer
DCP Decentralised Procurement
DDUGJY DeenDayalUpadhyaya Gram JyotiYojana
DES Directorate of Economics & Statistics
DII Domestic Institutional Investors
DIPP Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion
DISCOMs Distribution Companies
DISE District Information System for Education
ECA Essential Commodities Act
ECB External Commercial Borrowing
EHR Electronic Health Record
EMDEs Emerging Market and Developing Economies
EMEs Emerging Market Economies
e-NAM Electronic National Agriculture Market
EO Earth Observation
EPFO Employees' Provident Fund Organisation
ESA European Space Agency
ESIC Employees' State Insurance Corporation
EUS Employment and Unemployment Survey
FAITH Federation of Associations in Indian Tourism & Hospitality
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FCCB Foreign currency Convertible Bonds
FCI Food CorporationofIndia
FCNR (B) Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Banks)
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FEEs Foreign Exchange Earnings
FIG Farmer Interest Group
FII Foreign Institutional Investor
FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board
FIR First Information Report
FPO Farmer Producer Organisation
FRBM Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
FRL Fiscal Responsibility Legislation
FTA Free Trade Agreement
FY Financial Year
GCCA Grants for creation of capital assets
GDI Gender Development Index
GDP Gross Direct Premium
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEC Green Energy Corridor
GEF Global Environment Facility
GER Gross Enrolment Ratio
GFCF Gross Fixed Capital Formation
GHI Global Hunger Index
GLC Ground Level Credit
GM Genetically Modified
GM Geometric Mean
GNI Gross National Income
GNPA Gross Non-Performing Advances
GPI Gender Parity Index
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GSLV Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
GST Goods and Services Tax
GSVA Gross State Value Added
GVA Gross Value Added
GW Gigawatt
HDI Human Development Index
HDR Human Development Report
HFCs Housing Finance Companies
HYVs High Yielding Varieties
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
IBBI Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India
IBC Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
IC Interest Coverage
ICTs Information and Communication Technologies
IEA International Energy Agency
IEC Importer Exporter Code
IGS International Ground Stations
IGST Integrated Goods and Services Tax
IIP Index of Industrial Production
IIPS International Institute for Population Sciences
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
InvITs Infrastructure Investment Trusts
IOI Incidence of Indebtedness
IoT Internet of Things
IPC Indian Penal Code
IQR Interquartile Range
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
ISS Interest Subvention Scheme
IT Information Technology
ITA International Tourist Arrivals
IT-BPM Information Technology-Business Process
Management
ITC Input Tax Credit
ITIs Industrial Training Institutes
ITR International Tourism Receipts
JLF Joint Lenders Forum
KMS Kharif Marketing Season
KW Kilowatt
KWH Kilowatt-Hour
LEB Life Expectancy at Birth
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LTRCF Long Term Rural Credit Fund
LULUCF Land use, Land Use Change and Forestry
M0 Reserve Money
M3 Broad Money
MBPS Megabits per Second
MDDS Metadata and Data Standards
MDM Mid-Day Meal
MEIS Merchandise Exports from India Scheme
MEP Minimum Export Price
MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development
MI Micro Irrigation
MIDH Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
MMT Million Metric Tonne
MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MOSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
MPC Monetary Policy Committee
MSDE Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
MSF Marginal Standing Facility
MSME Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
MSP Minimum Support Price
MT Metric Tonne
MVA Mega Volt Amp
MW Megawatt
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development
NAFCC National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change
NAM National Agriculture Market
NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change
NAR Net Attendance Ratio
NAREDCO National Real Estate Development Council
NASSCOM National Association of Software and Services Companies
NBFS Non-Banking Financial Sector
NCEEF National Clean Energy and Environment Fund
NCRB National Crime Records Bureau
NCT National Capital Territory
NCTF National Committee on Trade Facilitation
NDC Nationally Determined Contribution
NDDB National Dairy Development Board
NDHA National Digital Health Authority
NDTL Net Demand & Time Liabilities
NEER Nominal Effective Exchange Rate
NEFT National Electronic Funds Transfer
NER Net Enrolment Ratio
NER North Eastern Region
NFHS National Family Health Survey
NFSA National Food Security Act
NGCP National Green Corridor Programme
NHA National Health Accounts
NIC National Industrial Classification
NITI National Institution for Transforming India
NLEM National List of Essential Medicines
NPA Non-Performing Assets
NPISH Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households
NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
NPPA National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
NPS National Pension Scheme/System
NRI Non-Resident Indian
NSDC National Skill Development Corporation
NSQF National Skills Qualifications Framework
NSS National Sample Survey
NSS/O National Sample Survey/Office
NSSF National Small Savings Fund
NSSO National Sample Survey Office
NTBs Non-Tariff Barriers
OBCs Other Backward Classes
ODF Open Defecation Free
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
OFCB Overseas Foreign Currency Borrowings
OMO Open Market Operations
OMSS Open Market Sale Scheme
OOI Other Operating Income
OoP Out of Pocket
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P/E Price/Earnings
PA Provisional Actuals
PaaS Platform-as-a-Service
PAED Publicly Available Environmental Data
PAHAL PratyakshHanstantritLabh
PAT Perform Achieve Trade
PAT Profit After Tax
PCA Prompt Corrective Action
PDS Public Distribution System
PE Provisional Estimates
PG Post Graduate
PGCIL Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.
PLF Plant Load Factor
PMAY Pradhan MantriAwasYojana
PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana
PMJJBY Pradhan MantriJeevanJyotiBimaYojana
PMKSY Prime Minister's KrishiSinchaiYojana
PMKVY Pradhan MantriKaushalVikasYojana
PMSBY Pradhan Mantri Suraksha BimaYojana
POL Petroleum Oil and Lubricant
PPA Purchasing Power Agreement
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
PROBE Public Report on Basic Education
PSBs Public Sector Banks
PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PTR Pupil Teacher Ratio
PVBs Private Sector Banks
QE Quantitative Easing
QES Quarterly Employment Survey
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
RCS Regional Air Connectivity Scheme
RE Revised Estimates
REER Real Effective Exchange Rate
REITs Real Estate Investment Trust
RES Renewable Energy Sources
RGI Registrar General of India
RHS Right Hand Side
RKM Route Kilometer
RMS Rabi Marketing Season
RMSA RashtriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan
ROA Return on Assets
ROE Return on Equity
RRB Regional Rural Banks
RTE Right To Education
RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement
S4A Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Assets
SaaS Software as a Service
SAD Special Additional Duty
SAP Swachhta Action Plan
SAPCC State Action Plans on Climate Change
SBM-G Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin
SBNs Specified Bank Notes
SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank
SCs Scheduled Castes
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SDL State Development Loans
SDR Special Drawing Right
SDR Strategic Debt Restructure
SEBI Securities and Exchange Board of India
SECC Socio Economic Caste Census
SEIS Services Exports from India Scheme
SEQI Social Education Quality Index
SGST State Goods and Services Tax
SHGs Self Help Groups
SMBs Server Message Block
SPV Solar Photo Voltaic
SSA SarvaShikshaAbhiyan
STaaS Storage as a Service
STRI Services Trade Restrictiveness Index
STs Scheduled Tribes
Sub-GTO Sub-Geo Transfer Orbit
SUUTI Specified Undertaking for Unit Trust of India
TBS Twin Balance Sheet
TFR Total Fertility Rate
TFS Trade Facilitation in Services
TIES Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme
TISA Trade in Services Agreement
TPDS Targeted Public Distribution System
TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership
TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
UDAN UdeDeshKaAamNaagrik
UDAY Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana
UN United Nations
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNWTO United Nation's World Tourism Organization
USD United States Dollar
USEIA United States Energy Information Administration
UTs Union Territories
VAT Value Added Tax
VNR Voluntary National Review
WPI Wholesale Price Index
WTO World Trade Organization
WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council